Indian Polity and Governance

The Attorney General of India is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. The Attorney General of India is appointed by the President of India under Article 76(1) of the Constitution of India and holds office during the pleasure of the President. (Hence Option (1) is correct) He must be a person qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court. (Hence Option (2) is also correct) The Attorney General is responsible for giving advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters and to perform such other duties of legal character as may be referred or assigned to him by the President. The Attorney General has the right of audience in all Courts in India as well as the right to participate in the proceedings of the Parliament, though not to vote. (Hence Option (3) is also correct). The Attorney General appears on behalf of the Government of India in all cases(including suits, appeals and other proceedings) in the Supreme Court in which the Government of India is concerned. The Attorney General is to be consulted only in legal matters of real importance and only after the Ministry of Law has been consulted. The Attorney General can accept briefs but cannot appear against the Government. He/She cannot defend an accused in the criminal proceedings and accept the directorship of a company without the permission of the Government.

The powers of the Governor and the President are independent of each other. Each has powers within his own jurisdiction - the President has powers in relation to Central laws and the Governor has powers in relation to State laws. Therefore, after the Governor’s decision, there is no appeal allowed to the President. However, judicial review is allowed.

The joint session of both the houses is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.

The Preamble begins with 'We, the people of India', indicating that the ultimate sovereignty and authority reside with the citizens.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha from among themselves. This election takes place after the general election of the house.

The Advocate-General of a state is the highest law officer in the state. According to the Constitution, a person must be qualified to be a judge of a High Court to be appointed.

The Governor of a state is appointed by the President and holds office during the pleasure of the President, meaning they can be removed by the President at any time.

The President of India can be impeached only for the violation of the Constitution as per Article 61. Other options describe personal or political reasons that are not grounds for impeachment.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer and the highest authority of the House of the People. They are elected by the members of the Lok Sabha.

The Secretary of the Planning Commission served as the ex-officio Secretary of the National Development Council (NDC).

The Planning Commission of India, which was replaced by NITI Aayog in 2015, was chaired by the Prime Minister of India by virtue of their office.

The Vice-President of India is elected by members of both houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) through an electoral college.

In a presidential system, the executive branch is separate from the legislature. Ministers are appointed by and answerable to the President, rather than being responsible to the legislature as in a parliamentary system.

The Finance Commission is a constitutional body established under Article 280 to recommend the distribution of net tax proceeds between the Union and the States.