Indian Literature and Texts

Tolkappiyam is the earliest extant work of Tamil Literature and linguists. Tolkappiyam derived from the combination of two words 'Tonmai (ancientness) and 'kappiyam' (literature). It comprises three books- the Ezhuttadikaram, the Solladikaram, and the Poruladikaram. It grammatises the use of words and syntaxes and moves into the higher mode of language analysis.

Sangam literature refers to the ancient Tamil literature produced during the Sangam period, roughly between 300 BCE and 300 CE. It is distinct from Sanskrit Puranic or Pali Buddhist texts.

The Sangam literature, describes many kings and dynasties of South India. Poetic compilations by group of poets of different times patronised by many chiefs and kings are, called Sangama. These are, in all, 30,000 lines of poetry arranged in two main groups, Patinenkilkanakku and the Pattupattu. The Sangam literature consists of short and long poems which were composed by a large number of poets in praise of their kings.

Sangam literature or Sangam text depicts the history of ancient Tamil culture. Which includes early Cholas, Pandyas and Cheras. It was written in a verse style. Basically its an anthology of poems composed by various male and female Tamil poets.

The earliest known literature works in Tamil were collected and compiled by an academy of scholars known as the Sangam. It was the Saiva Saint Appar who used the word Sangam for the earliest known Tamil literature.

The Kalpasutra and Kalakacharya –Katha are two popular Jaina texts illustrated with paintings. Kalpasutra is a manual of Hindu religious practice, a number of which emerged within the different schools of the Veda. It mainly explains in detail the varied rituals, sacrifices, judicial laws and the religious and cultural obligations.

The Rig Veda is the oldest of the four Vedas and is considered one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language.

Satyameva Jayate, meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs', is taken from the Mundaka Upanishad, an ancient Sanskrit Vedic text.

The Vedas are the oldest and most authoritative scriptures of Hinduism.

Sanskrit is the ancient liturgical language of Hinduism and the classical language of India. Vedic is an adjective referring to the Vedas, not the language itself.

The Bhagavad Gita is a 700-verse scripture that is part of the Indian epic Mahabharata. It is a dialogue between Prince Arjuna and Krishna.

The Vedas are the primary sacred texts, while the Vedic texts (such as the Upanishads or Brahmanas) are commentaries and philosophical reflections on the Vedas.

The Vedas are the oldest scriptures of Hinduism and were composed orally during the Vedic period before being written down much later.

Sanskrit is the classical language of ancient India and the liturgical language of Hinduism. It was the primary medium for religious texts like the Vedas.