Indian Independence Movement

The Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. The objectives of this Association were "promoting by every legitimate means the political, intellectual and material advancement of the people". The Association attracted educated Indians and civic leaders from all parts of the country, and became an important forum for India's aspirations for independence. It later merged with the Indian National Congress.

The congress was divided into two camps-Extremist and Moderates at the Surat session of 1907. The Moderates believed in the constitutional methods of protests like petitions, prayers, meetings,etc. Extremists, on the other hand, believed in agitation, strikes and boycotts to force their demands. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an extremist and was opposed to the moderates' method of petitions especially towards the fight for self-government.

The British Government was not opposed to the formation of Congress. In the beginning, Lord Dufferin encouraged Mr. Hume to form this national organization. In 1886, he invited the Congress Members to a garden party in Calcutta. The British thought the Congress would confine itself to academic discussion of their demands. But later, their attitude towards Congress changed due to increased criticism.

From 1905 to 1918, there emerged a new and a younger group of leaders within the Congress who did not agree with the methods and ideology of the Early Nationalist leaders. This group of leaders came  to be known as Assertive Nationalists. Three prominent leaders of this group were Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal.

A school of Nationalism had existed in the country from almost the beginning of the national movement. This school was represented by leaders like Rajnarain Bose and Ashwin Kumar Dutta in Bengal.

Lokmanya Tilak was the most prominent leader of the extremist wing of the Congress and a dominant figure in the nationalist movement prior to Gandhi's rise to national leadership.

A. O. Hume was a retired British civil servant who played a key role in the formation of the Indian National Congress. He was a moderate and a founder, not an extremist leader.

Bipin Chandra Pal was a prominent extremist leader, whereas the others listed (Naoroji, Charlu, Malviya) were key figures in the moderate faction of the Congress.

• Azad HInd Fauz means Indian National Army
• Azad Hind Fauz was formed by  Rash Behari Bose, Subhash Chandra Bose, and Captain Mohan Singh
• Formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 during World War II
• It was formed through Japanese support.
  

The congress was divided into two camps-Extremist and Moderates at the Surat session of 1907. The Moderates believed in the constitutional methods of protests like petitions, prayers, meetings,etc. Extremists, on the other hand, believed in agitation, strikes and boycotts to force their demands. Some of the extremist leaders were Lala Lajpat Rai, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosem Rajnarayan Bose and  Ashwini Kumar Dutt.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was the first major nationalist leader to be repeatedly prosecuted and imprisoned by the British for his writings and political activities.

The British dissolved their treaty relations with more than five hundred princely states, who were encouraged to accede to either India or Pakistan, while under no compulsion to do so. Most of the states acceded to India, and a few to  Pakistan. Hyderabad opted for independence, although the armed intervention of India conquered Hyderabad and brought it into the Indian Union.

British Governor of Madras Lord Erskine withdrawn the mandatory Hindi teaching in Madras province.

On 14 July 1937, C. Rajagopalachari aka Rajaji become chief minister of Madras in 1937.

To propagate Hindi in the south India Mahatma Gandhi establish  'Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha' in 1918.