Indian Independence Movement

Sir Dadabhai Naoroji Dordi (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917) also known as the "Grand Old Man of India" and "Unofficial Ambassador of India" was a British Parsi scholar, trader and politician who was a Liberal Party member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895. Hence, Option A is correct. Among the rest, Rashbehari Bose  was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Mutiny and later the Indian National Army. Bipin Chandra Pal is known as the Father of Revolutionary Thoughts in India and was one of the freedom fighters of India.Surendranath Banerjee is also known as RastraGuru. Hence, these are incorrect. 

Dadabhai Naoroji Elected for the Liberal Party in Finsbury Central at the 1892 general election, he was the first British Indian MP. He refused to take the oath on the Bible as he was not a Christian, but was allowed to take the oath of office in the name of God on his copy of Khordeh Avesta.

Allan Octavian Hume, a retired civil servant in the British Government took the initiative to form an all-India organization. Thus, the Indian National Congress was founded and its first session was held at Bombay in 1885.

Dadabhai Naoroji was the first to estimate the country's per capita national income during the British rule for the year 1888. He was an Indian nationalist and critic of British economic policy in India. He also put forward the drain theory in his book Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India. He became widely known for his unfavourable opinion of the economic consequences of British rule in India.

Dadabhai Naoroji powerfully stressed the Swaraj as the goal of Indian People. In Calcutta session of 1906, under the leadership of Dadabhai Naoroji, Congress adopted Swaraj or self-government as the goal of Indian people. But in actuality he meant self governing British colonies. He was also an Indian nationalist and critic of British economic policy in India

The prominent members of the moderates were:-

• D E Wacha
• S N Banerjee
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Indian National Congress was formed in 1885. It was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. The early political leaders of Indian National Congress dominated Congress from 1885-1905. During this period, the Congress Party passed fairly moderate reform resolutions, though many within the organization by 1905 were becoming radicalized by the increased poverty that accompanied British imperialism.

from 1885 to 1905, the Congress was led by a group of leaders known as the Early Nationalists. They were staunch believers in open minded and moderate politics. So they called the moderates.

Hindu College was founded in 1899 by Krishan Dassji Gurwale in the backdrop of the nationalist struggle against the British Raj. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was appointed teacher in English literature and history at the new Hindu College in 1826. He was a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal.

The Early Nationalists included leaders from all parts of the country as:

• W.C. Bonnerjee, Rashbehari Ghosh, Surendranath banerjee and R. C. Dutta from Bengal.
• Dadabhai Naroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhle from Maharashtra.
• P. R. Naidu, Subramania Iyer and Ananda Charlu from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
• Pandit Madam Mohan Malviya from Utter Pradesh.

From 1885 to 1905, Congress was led by a group of leaders known as the Early Nationalists. The members of this group were drawn from the educated middle class consisting of professionals like lawyers, barristers, teachers and officials, who drew inspiration from Western Liberal and Radical thoughts. The Early Nationalists included leaders from all parts of the country as:

• W. C. Bonnerjee
• Rashbehari Ghosh
• Surendranath Banerjee
• R. C. Dutta
• P. R. Naidu
• Subramania Iyer

Dadabhai Naoroji was the first Indian to be elected as a member of the British House of Commons. He was of the view that Indians should participate in British political institutions and raise their voice in it. He was accepted by the Liberal Party as a candidate and became the first non-white member of the House of Commons. he represented his constituency well and raised a variety of issues like civil rights situation in India, the condition of Indians in South Africa, etc.

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the first national leader to raise the issue of the salt tax in the Imperial Legislative Council, arguing that it was a regressive tax on the poor.

Womesh Chandra Bannerjee was the first Indian to contest an election to the British House of Commons in 1892, although he was unsuccessful.

Naoroji published Poverty and un-British Rule in India in 1901. His book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. He was also a member of the Second International along with Kautsky and Plekhanov.