Indian Climate and Seasons

When the retreating monsoon blows from the northeast across the Bay of Bengal, it picks up a significant amount of moisture, which is subsequently released after moving back onto the peninsula. Thus, from October to December the coast of Tamil Nadu state receives at least half of its roughly 40 inches (1,000 mm) of annual precipitation. That rainy extension of the generally dry retreating monsoon is called the northeast, or winter monsoon.

As the southwest monsoon starts its downpour of rain in the Western Ghats, the western parts of Tamil Nadu receive about 150 cm of rainfall on an average. Most of the eastern and central parts of Tamil Nadu become rainshadow region for this season. This occurs due to the southwesterly direction of monsoonal winds in this season. In general, the amount of rainfall of south west monsoon decreases from west to east.

The average annual rainfall in India is widely cited as approximately 105 cm to 110 cm, making 105 cm the most accurate choice among the options.

Convectional rainfall is common in the hot and wet tropical rain forests of central Africa, Amazon basin of South America and the islands of south-east Asia. In the late afternoon, the clouds burst into a heavy downpour, often accompanied by thunder and lighting. It usually occurs at about 4 pm, so convectional rain is called 'four o'clock rain' and occurs daily in the equatorial regions.

Western disturbances are extratropical storms originating in the Mediterranean region that bring winter rainfall to the northwestern parts of India, particularly Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan.

Western disturbances, specifically the ones in winter, bring moderate to heavy rain in low-lying areas and heavy snow to mountainous areas of the Indian Subcontinent. They are the cause of most winter and pre-monsoon season rainfall across northwest India.

Tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean, including the Bay of Bengal, are most frequent during the post-monsoon season, specifically in October and November.

Tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal are technically classified as cyclonic storms. They are not called typhoons (Pacific) or hurricanes (Atlantic/Eastern Pacific).

Rice requires more water than any other crop. As a result, paddy cultivation is done only in those areas where minimum rainfall is 115 cm. Although the regions are having average annual rainfall between 175—300 cm are the most suitable.

The Malnad region and the coastal plains of Karnataka, India, are located on the windward side of the Western Ghats and receive very heavy rainfall during the monsoon season.

The retreating monsoon season, which occurs after the southwest monsoon, is characterized by winds blowing from the northeast. Thus, it is commonly referred to as the North-east monsoon season.

• Agumbe is a small village located in Shimoga district in the Malnad region of Karnataka. 
  
• It is called "The Cherrapunji of the South".
  
• It receives the heaviest rainfall. 

Belagavi, located in the northern part of Karnataka, experiences lower temperatures during the winter season compared to the coastal districts.

During the rainy season in Karnataka, the influx of moisture-laden winds and cloud cover typically results in high temperatures, though it may feel humid.