Indian Cities and Places

The Geological Survey of India (GSI) is headquartered in Kolkata. It is one of the oldest organizations in the country, established in 1851, responsible for geological mapping and exploration.

India's aircraft industry is primarily located in Bangalore (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited headquarters) and Kanpur (manufacturing division). HAL is the major aerospace manufacturer in India.

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is headquartered in Mumbai, which is India's financial and commercial capital. Most major corporate headquarters and PSUs in the financial and energy sectors are located in Mumbai due to its historical importance as a business center and proximity to stock exchanges and financial institutions.

The Rashtrakuta dynasty had their capital at Ellora (also called Elapura) in modern-day Maharashtra. They ruled large parts of Deccan India from 8th to 10th century CE. Ellora is famous for its rock-cut temples, including the Kailasa temple.

The first SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) summit was indeed held in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1985. SAARC was established to promote economic and regional integration among South Asian countries. The founding members were Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

The Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) is located in Mysore (now Mysuru), Karnataka. It is a premier research institution under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) focusing on food science and technology. The institute has contributed significantly to food processing and preservation in India.

Krishnaraja Sagar Dam is located in Mysore, Karnataka. It was built across the Cauvery River and named after Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV. Kota and Udaipur are in Rajasthan, while Hyderabad is in Telangana.

Kandla, Mumbai, and Visakhapatnam have all been designated as Free Trade Zones (FTZs) or Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to promote export-oriented industries. Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram) does not have a major free trade zone, making it the correct answer as the option that is NOT an FTZ.

Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) is the capital of Karnataka state. It is known as India's IT capital. Patna is capital of Bihar, Hyderabad is capital of Telangana (was joint capital of Andhra Pradesh earlier), Chandigarh is capital of Punjab and Haryana, and Gandhinagar is capital of Gujarat.

Correct answer is (1). 

Madurai, a historic city in Tamil Nadu, is famous for its temple town layout designed around the Meenakshi Amman Temple in the concentric shape of a lotus flower.

The National Institute of Water Sports is headquartered in Goa. This institute is responsible for the development and promotion of water sports in India. Goa is a logical location given its extensive coastline and strong water sports culture and infrastructure.

Panaji (Panjim) is Goa's capital, and with Goa being India's smallest state by area with a modest population, its capital city naturally represents about 25% of the state's total population. Gangtok (Sikkim), Dispur (Assam), and Hyderabad are all in states with much larger populations, making the 1:4 ratio impossible.

Mumbai (formerly Bombay) serves as the headquarters of the Central Railway Zone, one of Indian Railways' 17 zones. It controls major routes connecting Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka. Gorakhpur is for Northeastern Railway, Allahabad for North Central Railway, and Jabalpur for West Central Railway.