Biology

Human Reproduction and Contraception

736 Questions

Human reproduction and contraception focus on the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes, pregnancy, and various contraceptive methods. These topics are frequently asked in general science sections. Practice these questions to master the fundamentals of reproductive health.

Menstrual cycle phasesMenopause and hormonesReproductive health problemsContraceptive methods overview

Human Reproduction and Contraception Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is not true?

  1. Cessation of menstruation is called menopause.

  2. Onset of menstruation is called menarche.

  3. Menstruation occurs after fertilization.

  4. Menarche occurs at onset of puberty.

  5. Menstrual cycle is usually a 28 day cycle.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Menstruation does not occur, if fertilization takes place. 

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding the hormonal control of the menstrual cycle is correct?

  1. The myometrium propagates under the strict control of FSH.

  2. The estrogens are produced predominantly by the cells of the theca interna.

  3. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle gets transformed into a corpus albicans that secretes progesterone.

  4. Progesterone promotes full development of the endometrium.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

It is the correct answer. Progesterone promotes thickening of the uterine lining and inhibits the anterior pituitary from secreting FSH.

Multiple choice

During the ovarian cycle, the first part of the menstrual cycle is known as the follicular phase. The luteal phase follows ovulation. The initial recruitment of primordial follicles into the preantral phase is hormone independent. Which of the following statements?

  1. The beggining phase of the menstrual cycle is known as the luteal phase.

  2. The initiation of the preantral phase of follicular development is under the control of two hormones named as LH and FSH.

  3. The advancement of the antral follicle is predicated on the expression of receptors for FSH and LH.

  4. Ovulation occurs to reciprocate a sudden increase in plasma FSH.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During the preantral phase, the follicular cells acquire receptors for various hormones. The granulosa cells develop receptors for FSH and estrogen while the thecal cells acquire receptors for LH.

Multiple choice

Risk factors for ovarian cancer in females include

  1. young age

  2. nulliparity

  3. multiple pregnancies

  4. prolonged use of oral contraceptives
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nulliparity is defined as the state of not bearing offspring. The risk factors for ovarian cancer include increased age and nulliparity of the females.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer in females is correct?

  1. Platinum chemotherapy is most suitable for patients who relapse less than 6 months after completion of the therapy.

  2. The response rate to platinum chemotherapy is approximately 50 to 60% in those who relapse more than 2 years after completion of platinum based first line chemotherapy.

  3. Most patients are cured with further chemotherapy.

  4. Many of the sufferers can be cured with further surgery .
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is a correct statement . The response rate to platinum chemotherapy is approximately 50 to 60% in those who relapse more than 2 years after completion of platinum based first line chemotherapy.

Multiple choice

During which period are gonads acquired the capacity to reproduce accompained by increased endocrine and gametogenic functions?

  1. Proliferative phase

  2. Luteal phase

  3. Secretory phase

  4. Menarche

  5. Puberty
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction to enable fertilisation. The state at which the gonads come to maturity relative to their endocrine and gametogenic potential for reproductive function is referred to as puberty.

Multiple choice

Decrease in the level _________________ hormones will result in the shrinkage of endometrium leading to mensus.

  1. FSH and LH

  2. LH and GnRH

  3. Androgen and estrogen

  4. Estrogen and progesterone

  5. Androgen and progesterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In menstrual cycle, estrogen causes eggs to mature and thickens the lining of the womb. In menstrual cycle, progesterone thickens the womb lining to prepare for implantation of an embryo (fertilized egg). Bleeding occurs after estrogen and progesterone levels decrease at the end of the previous cycle. This decrease causes the top layers of thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) to break down and be shed.

Multiple choice

The ovulation cycle begins with bursts of gonadotropin releasing hormone from___________.

  1. uterus

  2. prostate gland

  3. stomach

  4. hypothalamus

  5. ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The hypothalamus is a region of brain. It contains several types of neurons responsible for secreting different hormones. GnRH is a peptide of 10 amino acids. Its secretion at the onset of puberty triggers sexual development and is essential for normal sexual physiology in both males and females.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the middle layer of the uterine wall that functions to induce uterine contractions?

  1. Myometrium

  2. Myocardium

  3. Endometrium

  4. Cumulus oophorus

  5. Perimetrium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissues. Its main function is to induce uterine contractions. The myometrium is located between endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine wall) and serosa or perimetrium (the outer uterine layer).

Multiple choice

What term is used for the condition of excessive bleeding during menstruation?

  1. Menopause

  2. Amenorrhea

  3. Polymenorrhea

  4. Menorrhagia

  5. Menarche
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Menorrhagia is an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period at regular intervals. Menorrhagia can be caused by abnormal blood clotting, disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of the endometrial lining of the uterus.

Multiple choice

What is the covering of each ovary called?

  1. Endometrium

  2. Primordial follicle

  3. Tunica albuginea

  4. Acrosome

  5. Oviduct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The tunica albuginea is a membrane within the penis that helps to sustain erections. The term is also used to refer the connective tissue covering the testicles or the ovaries.

Multiple choice

The menstrual cycle prepares the uterus for a mature egg. For how long an average menstrual cycle exists in women?

  1. 20 days

  2. 2 weeks

  3. 28 days

  4. 7 days

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The average menstrual cycle lasts approximately 28 days, though this varies between individuals (typically 21-35 days). Option C correctly states the average. Option B (2 weeks = 14 days) is too short for a complete cycle, and option A (20 days) is below the typical range.

Multiple choice

What happens to the wall of the uterus during menstruation?

  1. It is absorbed back into the body.

  2. It gets thinner.

  3. It grows and receives the fertilized egg.

  4. It breaks away and leaves the body through vagina.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

During menstruation, the thickened endometrial lining breaks down and sheds from the uterus, exiting through the vagina as menstrual flow. This is option D. Option C describes the proliferative phase before menstruation, when the lining builds up to potentially receive a fertilized egg.