Biology
Human Physiology and Anatomy
2,062 Questions
Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.
Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions
Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions
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builds proteins
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to protect and provide support for the cell.
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Takes in Carbon dioxide
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Convert solar energy to chemical energy
B
Correct answer
Explanation
The primary function of the cell wall, found in plants, fungi, and bacteria, is to provide structural strength, rigidity, and protection against mechanical stress.
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Create Ribosomes
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Break down and recycle macromolecules
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Keep the cell in shape, helps transport
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Synthesize proteins
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. They also break down worn-out organelles to recycle their components.
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Converts chemical energy in food to usable compounds
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Assembles proteins and lipids
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Synthesize Proteins
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Break down and recycle molecules
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The primary function of a ribosome is to synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains. Mitochondria convert chemical energy, and lysosomes break down molecules.
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produce glucose for the cell.
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direct reproduction of the cell.
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regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
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carry out respiration to get energy for the cell.
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis. Producing glucose is the job of chloroplasts, directing reproduction is the job of the nucleus, and carrying out respiration is the job of mitochondria.
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Energy to build fat
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Insulation and Energy
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Metabolic Processes
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Growth and repair of cells, energy, milk and wool
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Proteins are the primary building blocks of body tissues, making them essential for the growth and repair of cells. They are also vital for producing animal products such as milk and wool, and can be used as an energy source when carbohydrates and fats are insufficient.
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To give animals strong bones
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Energy and fibre for the rumen
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To aid temperature regulation
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To build Muscle mass
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for metabolic processes in animals. In ruminants, complex carbohydrates like cellulose provide the necessary fiber to maintain healthy rumen function and microbial fermentation.
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To slow down chemical reactions in our body.
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To speeds up chemical reactions in our body.
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There is no enzyme in my body.
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Enzymes function as biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the body.
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sweat
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regulate their temperature
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extract energy from food
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shiver
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Cells require energy to perform all their functions, including maintaining homeostasis. Extracting energy from food (cellular respiration) is essential for survival.
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atoms
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organs
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organisms
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organ systems
D
Correct answer
Explanation
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions.
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Organisation of cells in an organism
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Hair colour, eye colour, skin colour
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Controlling what other people do
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Body temperature, blood sugar, carbon dioxide levels
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Homeostasis is the process by which biological systems maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions. Examples include regulating internal variables like body temperature and blood sugar levels.
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Transport lipids to body cells
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Act as an emulsifier to fat
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Make certain hormones and bile acids
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Aid in digestion of sterols
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Cholesterol is a vital building block in the body, used to synthesize steroid hormones (like estrogen and testosterone), vitamin D, and bile acids necessary for digestion.
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Structure
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Enzymes
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Fight diseases
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Transmit genetic info.
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Proteins function as structural components, enzymes, and antibodies to fight disease. Transmitting genetic information is the primary role of nucleic acids, not proteins.
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Absorb nutrients from food
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Absorb vitamins from food
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transmits oxygen to blood
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Transmit vitamins to blood
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The primary function of the small intestine is the chemical digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
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transports blood cells
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provides oxygen that cells need
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Provides nutrients that cells need to produce energy
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Carries carbon dioxide and oxygen away from the body
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The primary role of the digestive system is to break down complex food molecules into simpler nutrients that the body's cells can absorb and use for energy and growth.
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homeostasis
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simplification
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protection
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anabolism
B
Correct answer
Explanation
The overall function of the digestive system is the simplification of complex food molecules into smaller, absorbable units through mechanical and chemical processes.