Human Immunity and Blood

Mast cells produce histamine.

Kupffer cells are found in the liver .

Colostrum or first milk contains IgA

Thymus is a primary lymphoid organ.

The spontaneous creation of alternative pathway C3 convertase on the red cell is normally eliminated through membrane bound DAF.

Mutations occur in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene.

Stem cells are unable to differentiate to mature T-cells in the absence of the thymic microenvironment.

Within 24 h of stimulation by lymphocyte polyclonal activators, high concentrations of binding sites for this lectin appear on the surface of the cell.

Immunological surveillance refers to the recognition of altered cells with a neoplastic potential, which may then be eliminated to prevent the emergence of the tumor.

Individuals with HLA-DR2 are more at risk of developing multiple sclerosis than those with other HLA-DR specificities. Thus a higher frequency of HLA-DR2 is found in MS patients versus the normal population.

Endothelial cells are not essentially phagocytic, although they do contribute in the production of mediators of the inflammatory process, particularly acute inflammation and were previously lumped together with the mononuclear phagocyte system in what was known as the reticuloendothelial system (RES).

The granules contain a wide spectrum of microbicidal agents.

Toll-like receptor 9 recognition of these microbial dinucleotide sequences leads to activation of the NFkB transcription factor.

Neutrophils are chemotactically attracted to the site of inflammation by C5 a and mast cell chemotactic factors such as leukotriene B4.

Perforin inserts into the target cell membrane, thereby facilitating entry of TNF and granzymes into the target cell.