Human Immunity and Blood

Rouleax formation is present in RBCs. Cell coat and fibrinogen bring about temporary stacking of RBCs. It is called as rouleax.

Neutrophils are granulocytes which perform the function of phagocytic detoxification and protect the body against infection.

Basophils are granulocytes with irregular, S-shaped nuclei.

It is the rapid increase in the number of eosinophils due to worm infection and allergic disorders.

Thrombocytosis refers to the rise in platelet count above normal.

Lymphocytes produce antibodies for immobilising antigens and their toxins.

Platelets are the smallest of the formed elements of the blood.

Mast cells produce histamine.

Kupffer cells are found in the liver .

Colostrum or first milk contains IgA

Thymus is a primary lymphoid organ.

There is a failure to make reactive oxygen intermediates and to raise the pH in the phagocytic vacuole, which facilitates microbicidal action.

Within 24 h of stimulation by lymphocyte polyclonal activators, high concentrations of binding sites for this lectin appear on the surface of the cell.

Immunoglobulin-secreting cells produce an excess of light chain over heavy chain. Fragments of this excess light chain form the amyloid deposits found in 10–20% of patients with multiple myeloma.

Immunological surveillance refers to the recognition of altered cells with a neoplastic potential, which may then be eliminated to prevent the emergence of the tumor.