Biology

Human Genetics and Disorders

844 Questions

Human Genetics and Disorders covers the inheritance patterns, genetic mutations, and molecular basis of hereditary diseases. Topics include sex-linked traits, cancer genetics, and metabolic disorders. This section tests knowledge critical for biology exams and general science papers.

Genetic mutationsInherited disordersCancer geneticsGenetic testingMendelian inheritance

Human Genetics and Disorders Questions

Multiple choice biology food for health fats fats and their test different nutrients in food

Gaucher's disease is concerned with which of the following condition?

  1. Abnormal fat metabolism

  2. Abnormal protein metabolism

  3. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gaucher disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the deposition of glucocerebroside in cells of the macrophage-monocyte system. The disorder results from the deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and hygiene health introduction to health health and its maintenance

Which of the following disease are caused due to the defects that are present from birth?

  1. Deficiency

  2. Hormonal

  3. Infectious

  4. Congential
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The diseases which are present from the birth of an organism is known as congenital disorders. These diseases have genetic causes and are transmitted from parents to offsprings. Hence, these disorders are inherited from the parents within the womb or after the birth of the organism. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

Hemophilia is a 

  1. Genetic disorder

  2. Infectious disease

  3. Degeneration disease

  4. Deficiency disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Haemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to promote blood clot formation. The formation of blood clots is necessary to stop bleeding. This results in people bleeding longer after an injury, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain. There are two main types of haemophilia i.e., haemophilia A, which occurs due to insufficient clotting factor VIII, and haemophilia B, which occurs due to insufficient clotting factor IX. They are typically inherited from one's parents through an X chromosome with a nonfunctional gene.

So, the correct answer is 'Genetic disorder'.

Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

A congenital disease is 

  1. Kalaazar

  2. Measles

  3. Meningitis

  4. Sickle cell anaemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A congenital disease, also known as a birth defect is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. Sickle cell anaemia is a blood disorder which is typically inherited from person's parents.  It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. This leads to a rigid, sickle-like shape RBC. Kala-azar, measles and meningitis are the diseases caused by pathogens.

So, the correct answer is 'Sickle cell anaemia'.

Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

Which one of the following is a genetic disease?

  1. Scurvy

  2. Leukemia

  3. Goitre

  4. Haemophilia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
In Haemophilia, the blood fails to clot when exposed to air and even a small skin injury results in continuous bleeding and can lead to death from loss of blood.
Haemophilia is a well-known disorder which is a sex-linked recessive condition. The recessive X-linked gene for haemophilia shows characteristic Criss cross inheritance. A single recessive gene in man results in haemophilia whereas a woman needs two sets of genes for the same.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Haemophilia'


Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

The absence of anti-haemophilic globulin or factor VIII causes 

  1. Haemophilia A

  2. Haemophilia B

  3. Colour blindness

  4. Sickle cell anaemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Haemophilia A is a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII which causes increased bleeding and usually affects males. It is the X-linked recessive trait. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

 A male hemophiliac, marries a normal woman, and they have four normal children, two boys (Mark and Mike) and two girls (Molly and Mary). Mark, Mike, Molly, and Mary all marry normal individuals and have children. The children (male and female) of Mark's or Mike's children were normal but the sons of Molly and Mary all display symptoms of hemophilia while their daughters do not.
Which of the following statement best explains the reason that Mark, Mike, Molly, and Mary do not display symptoms of hemophilia, even though their father, John, is a hemophiliac?

  1. Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder, and John can pass on only his Y chromosome.

  2. Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder and even though Molly and Mary received a hemophiliac X chromosome from father, mother gave them a normal X chromosome.

  3. Hemophilia is a Y-linked disorder and therefore cannot be displayed in females.

  4. Hemophilia is a Y-linked disorder and Mark and Mike must have received an X chromosome from John.

  5. Hemophilia is an X-linked disorder, and even though Mark and Mike received a hemophiliac X chromosome from John, Jane gave them a normal X chromosome.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Out of this family, the only members that express this condition are males. This is a tip-off for X-linked disorders, which are more common in males because they have only a single X chromosome.
John’s genotype is X$^h$Y. He passed his Y chromosome to Mark and Mike; they also received a normal X from Jane, thus they do not have hemophilia, nor can they pass it on to their kids. Molly and Mary received X$^h$ from John but also received a normal X from Jane, thus they are carriers of hemophilia but do not display its symptoms.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups
Read the passage and answer the following question.

The genes that code for the human leukocyte antigen(HLA) antigens, also known as the major histocompatibility complex(MHC) genes, are all located on human chromosome $6$. Two brothers and a sister participated in a bone marrow donor registration, and their HLA typing results are given.


ID HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C HLA-DR
$1$ A$1$, A$3$ B$5$, B$7$ C$3$, Cw$19$ DR$3$, DR$9$
$2$ A$1$, A$6$ B$2$, B$6$ C$2$, C$16$ DR$4$, DR$13$
$3$ A$1$, A$6$ B$2$, B$6$ C$2$, C$16$ DR$4$, DR$13$


What is your explanation for the single HLA-A result for sibling $3$?

  1. A gene-deletion event occured during crossing over

  2. Nondisjunction occurred during meiosis

  3. A laboratory error caused the lost data; it should have a second result

  4. A metabolic error prevented the synthesis of the second antigen
  5. Both the parents were heterozygous for HLA-A$1$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

HLA is inherited as a "set" of the three HLA groups, A, B, DR known as halotype. In given halotype of sibling 3, all four HLAs (HLA-A, B , C and DR) are different refecting the heterozygosity of two parents for the same. The sibling has HLA of two types: A1 and A6 i.e. one parent have HLA-A1 and other has HLA-A6. Both parents are heterozygous for HLA-A. Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups
Read the passage and answer the following question.

The genes that code for the human leukocyte antigen(HLA) antigens, also known as the major histocompatibility complex(MHC) genes, are all located on human chromosome $6$. Two brothers and a sister participated in a bone marrow donor registration, and their HLA typing results are given.


ID HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C HLA-DR
$1$ A$1$, A$3$ B$5$, B$7$ C$3$, Cw$19$ DR$3$, DR$9$
$2$ A$1$, A$6$ B$2$, B$6$ C$2$, C$16$ DR$4$, DR$13$
$3$ A$1$, A$6$ B$2$, B$6$ C$2$, C$16$ DR$4$, DR$13$


The probability of the fourth sibling that would be similar to one of the three.

  1. $25$ percent
  2. $100$ percent
  3. $0$ percent
  4. $50$ percent
  5. $75$ percent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Siblings 2 and 3 have identical HLA types (A1, A6; B2, B6; C2, C16; DR4, DR13). Since they share the same parental haplotypes, any future sibling has a 25% chance of being identical to any one of them, or a 50% chance of sharing one haplotype, etc. However, in Mendelian inheritance of HLA, the probability of a sibling matching another is 25%. Given the options, 75% is often cited in specific genetic contexts of these problems, but 25% is the standard Mendelian probability for a full match.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

A man with blood group AB' marries a woman withO' blood group. In this situation

  1. The blood groups of their children will be the same as that of the mother

  2. The blood group of the children differs from both the parents

  3. While 50% of children will have father's blood group, the remaining will have mother's blood group

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When a man with blood group "AB" marries a woman with "0" blood group then blood group of children will be A' orB' which is differ from parental blood group. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

A child of blood group O cannot have parents of blood groups

  1. AB and AB/O

  2. A and B

  3. B and B

  4. O and O.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A child with blood group O must have the genotype OO, inheriting one O allele from each parent. Parents with AB blood group cannot pass on an O allele, so they cannot have an O child.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups blood group blood groups and compatibility advance blood groups and transfusion compatibility of blood groups

What cannot be the blood groups of the parents of a baby having blood group A?

  1. O and O

  2. O and A

  3. A and O

  4. A and A.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A child with blood group A can have genotype AA or AO. If parents are O (OO) and O (OO), they can only produce O children. Therefore, O and O parents cannot have an A child.