Biology

Human Genetics and Disorders

844 Questions

Human Genetics and Disorders covers the inheritance patterns, genetic mutations, and molecular basis of hereditary diseases. Topics include sex-linked traits, cancer genetics, and metabolic disorders. This section tests knowledge critical for biology exams and general science papers.

Genetic mutationsInherited disordersCancer geneticsGenetic testingMendelian inheritance

Human Genetics and Disorders Questions

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Find the odd one out, with respect to X-linkage.

  1. Haemophilia

  2. Myopia

  3. Nephritis

  4. Night blindness
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Haemophilia, myopia (in some forms), and night blindness are often associated with X-linked inheritance patterns. Nephritis is a general term for kidney inflammation and is not typically classified as an X-linked genetic disorder.

Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Which one of the following conditions correctly describes the manner of determining the sex in the given example

  1. Homozygous sex chromosomes (xx) produce male in Drosophila

  2. Homozygous sex chromosomes (ZZ) determine female sex in birds

  3. XO type of sex chromosomes determines female sex in grasshopper

  4. XO condition in human as found in turner syndrome, determines females sex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and animals blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

Like sickle cell anemia, which is the other generic disorder related to blood pigment?

  1. Phenylketoneunia

  2. Leukemia

  3. Thalassemia

  4. Xeroderma pigmentosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Thalassemia is a human anaemia due to an autosomal mutant gene and when this change is present in the homozygous condition, the trait is severe thalassemia major and causes death in childhood.
The heterozygous individuals show a mild disease also known as thalassemia minor.
The person suffering from thalassemia major are unable to produce a beta chain. Their haemoglobin contains delta change like that of the foetus and it is unable to carry oxygen transport.
So, the correct option is 'thalassemia.'


Multiple choice biology transportation in plants and animals blood transfusion transfusion of blood blood and organ donation

The disease erythroblastosis foetalis of human baby is due to

  1. Incompatibility of blood groups of the couple

  2. Incompatibility of blood groups of embryo and mother

  3. Maladjustment of Rh factor

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The disease erythroblastosis fetalis of human baby occurs due to incompatibility or maladjustment of Rh factor. It occurs when a Rh+ father and Rh-- conceive a baby. During the time of delivery, some of the blood cells from baby enter the mother's blood stream. The immune system of mother will the recognize the cells as foreign particles and produces antibodies against them. In the subsequent pregnancy with Rh+ baby, there are chances of Rh disease. The blood circulation of mother and baby is separated but still the antibodies of mother's body can cross the placenta and enter the blood stream of baby. The antibodies cause breakdown of RBCs of the baby leading to anaemia and ultimately death. So the problem does not arises at the time of birth of first child but in subsequent pregnancy, there is risk of erythroblastosis fetalis. 
So, the correct answer is 'Maladjustment of Rh factor'.
Multiple choice zoology skeleton and movements disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, mostly due to genetic disorder occurs in

  1. Myasthenia gravis

  2. Muscular dystrophy

  3. Arthritis

  4. Tetany

  5. Osteoporosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited muscle diseases in which muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage.
  • It is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration, defects in muscle proteins and the death of muscle cell and tissue.
  • Hence progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, mostly due to genetic disorder occurs in muscular dystrophy.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Muscular dystrophy'.
Multiple choice zoology health and diseases diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Which is carcinogen and pathogen?

  1. Mycobacterium

  2. LAV (Lymphadenopathy Associated virus)

  3. Hepatitis-A virus

  4. Cancer bacteria virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mycobacterium is an aerobic and non-motile bacteria which are pathogens (some causing tuberculosis).
Cancer causing bacteria (like H.pylori causing gastric cancer) or viruses are organisms known to or suspected to cause cancer and are carcinogens.
Hepatitis A virus is responsible for causing hepatitis A infection.
Lymphadenopathy Associated virus is a human retrovirus which is another name for HIV, human immunodeficiency virus responsible for AIDS. So, this virus causes an infection, AIDS and also causes cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology health and diseases diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Which of the following statements is not true for cancer cells in relation to mutations?

  1. Mutations destroy telomerase inhibitor

  2. Mutations inactivate the cell control

  3. Mutations inhibit production of telomerase

  4. Mutations in proto-oncogenes accelerate the cell cycle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The ability to maintain functional telomeres may be one mechanism that allows cancer cells to grow in vitro for decades. Telomerase activity is necessary to preserve many cancer types and is inactive in somatic cells, creating the possibility that telomerase inhibition could selectively repress cancer cell growth with minimal side effects. If a drug or mutation can inhibit telomerase in cancer cells, the telomeres of successive generations will progressively shorten, limiting tumor growth.


So the correct option is 'Mutations inhibit the production of telomerase'.

Multiple choice zoology health, disease and yoga diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

What are or were the HeLa Cells?

  1. Cells from patients suffering from fatal disorders

  2. Artificial cells produced by genetic engineering

  3. Cells taken from a rare animal called HeLa

  4. Cells from a black American woman who died in 1951
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

HeLa  is an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. The line was derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a patient who died of cancer on October 4, 1951. The cell line was found to be remarkably durable and prolific which warrants its extensive use in scientific research. The cells from Lacks's cancerous cervical tumor were taken without her knowledge or consent. Cell biologist George Otto Gey found that they could be kept alive, and isolated one specific cell, multiplied it, and developed a cell line. (Before this, cells cultured from other human cells would only survive for a few days; scientists spent more time trying to keep the cells alive than performing actual research on them. Cells from Lacks's tumor behaved differently.) As was custom for Gey's lab assistant, she labeled the culture 'HeLa', the first two letters of the patient's first and last name; this became the name of the cell line. These were the first human cells grown in a lab that were naturally "immortal", meaning that they do not die after a set number of cell divisions (i.e. cellular senescence). These cells could be used for conducting a multitude of medical experiments—if the cells died, they could simply be discarded and the experiment attempted again on fresh cells from the culture. This represented an enormous boon to medical and biological research, as previously stocks of living cells were limited and took significant effort to culture.

So the correct option is 'cells from a black American woman who died in 1951'.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

Genetic counsellors can identify heterozygous individuals by

  1. Height of individuals

  2. Colour of individuals

  3. Screening procedures

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Genetic counselling is about giving information and advice about the, risks of genetic diseases and their outcomes. Genetic screening is a part of genetic counselling which includes prenatal diagnosis, carrier diagnosis and predictive diagnosis.
Genetic counsellors use screening procedure, where sample of blood, hair follicle etc is processed to extract DNA, the DNA is profiled and specific areas  are identified
So, the correct answer is C 'Screening procedures'


Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

Which one of the following mutations is not hereditary?

  1. Gametic

  2. Zygotic

  3. Somatic

  4. Genetic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mutations are the permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an individual. These can occur during replication of DNA or its exposure with radiations or carcinogens, etc.

Somatic mutations occur in somatic cells, also known as non-reproductive cells. The genes in these cells are non-heritable and hence any mutations the will not be passed to next generations. The only mutations that are inherited if they occur in gametes (eggs and sperm). Such mutations that occur in gametes are also called germ-line mutations.
So, the correct option is 'Somatic'.

Multiple choice evs transportation in living organisms blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Which of the following chairs of haemoglobin is affected in thalassaemia?

  1. Only $\beta$ chain
  2. Only $\alpha$ chain
  3. Both $\alpha$ and $\beta$ chain
  4. $\gamma$ chain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Thalassaemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by reduced synthesis of either the alpha or beta globin chains of haemoglobin, leading to abnormal haemoglobin production.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which of the following is the largest gene in humans?

  1. Dystrophin

  2. Insulin

  3. Titin

  4. Phosphofructokinase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Dystrophin is a cytoplasmic rod-shaped protein consisting of which is chiefly situated in skeletal & cardiac muscles. It's formation includes the largest gene with 2.6 Mb and 97 exons. Small quantity of dystrophin is also present in the brain nerve cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Dystrophin'
Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which of the following can improve the diagnosis of many genetic disorder?

  1. PCR

  2. Human genome project

  3. DNA fingerprinting

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Human Genome Project provided the complete sequence of the human genome, which acts as a reference database. This information significantly improves the identification and diagnosis of genetic disorders.