Biology

Human Genetics and Disorders

882 Questions

Human Genetics and Disorders covers the inheritance patterns, genetic mutations, and molecular basis of hereditary diseases. Topics include sex-linked traits, cancer genetics, and metabolic disorders. This section tests knowledge critical for biology exams and general science papers.

Genetic mutationsInherited disordersCancer geneticsGenetic testingMendelian inheritance

Human Genetics and Disorders Questions

Multiple choice zoology health and diseases diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

Which of the following statements is not true for cancer cells in relation to mutations?

  1. Mutations destroy telomerase inhibitor

  2. Mutations inactivate the cell control

  3. Mutations inhibit production of telomerase

  4. Mutations in proto-oncogenes accelerate the cell cycle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The ability to maintain functional telomeres may be one mechanism that allows cancer cells to grow in vitro for decades. Telomerase activity is necessary to preserve many cancer types and is inactive in somatic cells, creating the possibility that telomerase inhibition could selectively repress cancer cell growth with minimal side effects. If a drug or mutation can inhibit telomerase in cancer cells, the telomeres of successive generations will progressively shorten, limiting tumor growth.


So the correct option is 'Mutations inhibit the production of telomerase'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction why do plants reproduce? reproduction and variation the life cycle of plants

Which one of the following mutations is not hereditary?

  1. Gametic

  2. Zygotic

  3. Somatic

  4. Genetic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mutations are the permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an individual. These can occur during replication of DNA or its exposure with radiations or carcinogens, etc.

Somatic mutations occur in somatic cells, also known as non-reproductive cells. The genes in these cells are non-heritable and hence any mutations the will not be passed to next generations. The only mutations that are inherited if they occur in gametes (eggs and sperm). Such mutations that occur in gametes are also called germ-line mutations.
So, the correct option is 'Somatic'.

Multiple choice evs transportation in living organisms blood in humans circulatory system - blood basics of blood and heart

Which of the following chairs of haemoglobin is affected in thalassaemia?

  1. Only $\beta$ chain
  2. Only $\alpha$ chain
  3. Both $\alpha$ and $\beta$ chain
  4. $\gamma$ chain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Thalassaemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by reduced synthesis of either the alpha or beta globin chains of haemoglobin, leading to abnormal haemoglobin production.

Multiple choice evs nutrition and its deficiency general functions of food nutrition and its need in plants nutrition and its need

It is believed that height of a child depends upon the genes inherited from parents. However, it is often seen that tall parents may have short children and vice-versa. Are there factors other than genes, that can cause these variations?

  1. Yes, nutrition can be a factor.

  2. No, it can be an other cause.

  3. Ambiguous.

  4. Data insufficient.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Growing taller and nutrition are closely correlated. The process of cell division and their development requires an adequate supply of energy, amino acids, water, lipids, vitamins and minerals. With food, people receive about 50 essential nutrients for growth. Inadequate amounts of food or too low caloric food is the primary cause for growth failure, especially when the growth velocity is high in children. 

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which of the following is the largest gene in humans?

  1. Dystrophin

  2. Insulin

  3. Titin

  4. Phosphofructokinase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Dystrophin is a cytoplasmic rod-shaped protein consisting of which is chiefly situated in skeletal & cardiac muscles. It's formation includes the largest gene with 2.6 Mb and 97 exons. Small quantity of dystrophin is also present in the brain nerve cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Dystrophin'
Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which of the following can improve the diagnosis of many genetic disorder?

  1. PCR

  2. Human genome project

  3. DNA fingerprinting

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Human Genome Project provided the complete sequence of the human genome, which acts as a reference database. This information significantly improves the identification and diagnosis of genetic disorders.

Multiple choice zoology our health introduction to health and disease health and its failure health and its significance

Which of the following factor affect human health? 
i. Infections 
ii. Silence mutation
iii. Life style 
iv. Genetic disorders 

  1. i, ii, iv

  2. i, ii

  3. i, iii, iv

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Infection is caused when a pathogen invades the tissue and proliferates. The pathogen rapidly destroys the cells of the host which adversely affect the immune system and cause infections.

Lifestyle choices affect cardiovascular, psychological, nutritional, skeletal and neurological health. For example, smoking and drinking alcohol in excess both lead to stroke, heart disease, and cancer. Eating a poor diet that is overly-processed and lacks nutritive quality leads to obesity, malnutrition, diabetes, heart disease and cancer. 
Silent mutations are mutations in DNA that do not significantly alter the phenotype of the organism in which they occur, therefore does not affect human health.
A genetic disorder is caused by an altered or faulty gene or set of genes. These disorders can be found to affect any part of the body including the brain and the muscles. Therefore, out of the options, only 1, 3 and 4 affects human health. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology food for health fats fats and their test different nutrients in food

Gaucher's disease is concerned with which of the following condition?

  1. Abnormal fat metabolism

  2. Abnormal protein metabolism

  3. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gaucher disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the deposition of glucocerebroside in cells of the macrophage-monocyte system. The disorder results from the deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and hygiene health introduction to health health and its maintenance

Which of the following disease are caused due to the defects that are present from birth?

  1. Deficiency

  2. Hormonal

  3. Infectious

  4. Congential
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The diseases which are present from the birth of an organism is known as congenital disorders. These diseases have genetic causes and are transmitted from parents to offsprings. Hence, these disorders are inherited from the parents within the womb or after the birth of the organism. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

Which of the following genetic disorder can cause mental retardation?

  1. Hemophilia

  2. Thalassemia

  3. Down's syndrome

  4. Huntington's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder due to the presence of an extra copy of a chromosome that leads to the abnormal growth and mental retardation. Down's syndrome generally is due to trisomy 21, i.e., presence of chromosome 21 in three copies. The affected individuals are mentally retarded, short in stature and have a broad, short skull, small mouth.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

Which one is not a hereditary disease?

  1. Cystic fibrosis

  2. Cretinism

  3. Thalassaemia

  4. Haemophilia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Congenital hypothyroidism, previously known as cretinism, is a severe deficiency of thyroid hormone in newborns. It causes impaired neurological function, stunted growth, and physical deformities. It occurs due to lack of nutrition and hence it is not a hereditary disease.
So, the correct answer is 'Cretinism'.
Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

Hemophilia is a 

  1. Genetic disorder

  2. Infectious disease

  3. Degeneration disease

  4. Deficiency disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Haemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to promote blood clot formation. The formation of blood clots is necessary to stop bleeding. This results in people bleeding longer after an injury, and an increased risk of bleeding inside joints or the brain. There are two main types of haemophilia i.e., haemophilia A, which occurs due to insufficient clotting factor VIII, and haemophilia B, which occurs due to insufficient clotting factor IX. They are typically inherited from one's parents through an X chromosome with a nonfunctional gene.

So, the correct answer is 'Genetic disorder'.

Multiple choice zoology why do we fall ill health introduction to health health and its maintenance

A congenital disease is 

  1. Kalaazar

  2. Measles

  3. Meningitis

  4. Sickle cell anaemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A congenital disease, also known as a birth defect is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. Sickle cell anaemia is a blood disorder which is typically inherited from person's parents.  It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. This leads to a rigid, sickle-like shape RBC. Kala-azar, measles and meningitis are the diseases caused by pathogens.

So, the correct answer is 'Sickle cell anaemia'.