Human Endocrine System

Androstenol is a sex pheromone in pigs, possessing a musk-like odour. It is found in large quantities in boar saliva, but also in smaller quantities in human sweat glands. It is analogous to sex hormones yet has minimal or no androgenic activity.

4-Androstenediol is an androstenediol that is converted to testosterone. The conversion rate is about 15.76%, almost triple that of androstenedione, due to utilization of a different enzymatic pathway.

 This hormone is secreted by the trophoblast cells of the embryo, so its presence confirms the presence of a foetus and thus it imples that pregnancy has set in.

The ovaries produce both estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and maintain pregnancy. The testis produces testosterone, pituitary gland secretes various hormones like FSH and LH, and thyroid gland produces thyroxine.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin) controls water balance by reducing urine production and promoting water reabsorption in kidneys. Estrogen (A), progesterone (B), and testosterone (C) are sex hormones not primarily involved in water balance regulation.

This is the correct option.

This is the correct option. 

A steroid is a type of organic compound that contains a specific arrangement of four cycloalkane rings that are joined to each other. Examples of steroids include the dietary fat cholesterol, the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone.

A frameshift mutation is a mutation caused by insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides that is not evenly divisible by three from a DNA sequence. A nonsense mutation is a point mutation in a sequence of DNA that results in a premature stop codon, or a nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA, and possibly a truncated, and often non functional protein product. Missense mutations are types of point mutations where a single nucleotide is changed to cause substitution of a different amino acid. A neutral mutation is a mutation that occurs in an amino acid codon that results in the use of a different, but chemically similar, amino acid. Silent mutations are mutations that do not result in a change to the amino acid sequence of a protein, unless the changed amino acid is sufficiently similar to the original.

Estradiol is a sex hormone. Estradiol is abbreviated E2 as it has 2 hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure. Estradiol is about 10 times as potent as estrone and about 80 times as potent as estriol in its estrogenic effect.

Estrogen is one of the primary female sex hormones responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. It promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics like breast development, wider hips, and body hair patterns. Estrogen also regulates the menstrual cycle and plays crucial roles in bone health and cardiovascular function.

Renin is an enzyme and hormone secreted by the kidneys that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Thyroxine (T4) contains iodine atoms in its molecular structure: specifically four iodine atoms, which is why it's called T4. The thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3). Insulin is a protein hormone made of amino acids, testosterone is a steroid hormone, and adrenaline is a catecholamine; none contain iodine.

 Progestrone is secreted by corpus luteum.

Progesterone is responsible for changes associated with luteal phase of menstrual cycle.