Geomorphic Processes

This is the correct matching. A dendritic pattern develops where the river stream with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree. A trellis pattern develops when a river is joined by its tributaries at approximately right angles. A rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly jointed rocky terrain. A radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure.

Soil formation occurs through weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals through physical (temperature changes, frost), chemical (dissolution, oxidation), and biological (plant roots, microorganisms) processes. Erosion moves soil but doesn't create it; deposition is the settling of eroded material; denudation is the overall process of wearing down landscapes.

Correc answer is (2). 

In a folded mountain region, the typical pattern is anticlinal ridges and synclinal valleys. However, when erosion is more rapid on the ridges than valleys, the relief can invert - creating synclinal ridges and anticlinal valleys. This is known as Ridge and Valley Landscape or Inversion of Relief, commonly seen in the Appalachians. The other terms describe different coastal or erosional features.

It is an Inselberg.

Glaciated regions are characterized by deranged drainage patterns - irregular, chaotic stream networks with no clear direction or pattern. This occurs because glacial deposition creates irregular topography with numerous kettle lakes, moraines, and other features that disrupt normal drainage. The other options describe different soil and environmental conditions (swamps, slow decomposition due to cold, acidic soils) but not glaciation specifically.

An ox-bow lake forms when a meandering river creates a U-shaped bend that gets cut off from the main channel. Over time, erosion and deposition narrow the neck of the meander until the river breaks through, abandoning the bend and creating a standalone U-shaped water body. It's a fluvial process, not related to glaciers or sea waves.

Parabolic dunes are formed when vegetation partially covers the sand surface, anchoring the dune arms while the center remains mobile. This creates a U-shaped dune with the horns pointing upwind (opposite to barchans). Barchans are crescent-shaped dunes without vegetation, seifs are longitudinal dunes, and levees are river deposits, not dune types.

Playas are shallow, flat-floored desert depressions formed by the deflating action of winds, which remove fine sediments and leave behind a flat, often salt-encrusted surface. They are characteristic of arid regions where wind erosion is dominant. They are not formed by glacial, river, or marine erosion processes.

Mulching involves covering soil with organic material or plastic to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and protect soil structure - it actually PREVENTS soil erosion rather than causing it. Excessive ploughing loosens topsoil making it vulnerable, overgrazing removes vegetation cover, and contour ploughing is a protective measure. Therefore, mulching is the action that does not cause soil erosion.

Contour trenching involves digging pits or trenches along the contour lines of a slope. These trenches accumulate runoff water, allowing it to infiltrate the soil rather than flowing down the slope and causing erosion. Bench terracing creates level platforms, contour terracing follows contours, and leveling creates flat surfaces - but specifically digging pits on slopes for runoff accumulation is contour trenching.

Soil conservation is the protection of soil from depletion or erosion. Option C correctly states this - soil is protected against loss or damage. Option A (aeration) is a soil management practice, not conservation. Option B (allowing erosion) is the opposite of conservation. Option D describes soil reclamation, not conservation.

Correct Answer: ravines

 Bunds, dams and drains are constructed to prevent gully erosion.