Geography · Environmental Studies

Geomorphic Processes

2,085 Questions

Geomorphic processes shape the Earth surface through physical mechanisms like weathering, erosion, and deposition. This topic covers soil formation, glacial movement, and coastal landform development. It forms a core component of physical geography in major competitive examinations.

Soil erosion controlGlacial movementCoastal landformsSedimentary rock formationWeathering processes

Geomorphic Processes Questions

Multiple choice landforms on earth and external processes general physical geography general knowledge

Match the following

List I(Phases of Denudation) List II(Description)
(A) Weathering (1) disintegration of rocks
(B) Erosion (2) wearing away by agents of denudation
(C) Transportation (3) removal of eroded material to new place
(D) Deposition (4) dumping at some place where accumulation takes place.

  1. A-1; B-2; C-3; D-4

  2. A-3; B-1; C-2; D-4

  3. A-4; B-1; C-2; D-3

  4. A-2; B-1; ; C-4; D-3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Weathering is the disintegration of rocks in situ. Erosion is the wearing away by agents. Transportation is the movement of material. Deposition is the accumulation of material.

Multiple choice landforms on earth and external processes general physical geography general knowledge

Denudation involves four processes, which take place simultaneously. On what factors are these processes dependent to sculpt a landform?
(1) Nature of relief  (2) Structure of rocks
(3) Local climate    (4) Interference by man

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 3 and 4

  3. 1, 2 and 3

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Denudation is influenced by a wide range of factors, including the geological structure, the relief of the land, climatic conditions, and human activities that alter the landscape.

Multiple choice landforms on earth and external processes general physical geography general knowledge

Surface run-off becomes stream when water flows from certain height down slope under impact of gravity. Which of the following form streams?
(1) Perennial  (2) Intermittent
(3) Ephemeral   (4) Seasonal

  1. 1 and 4

  2. 1, 2 and 4

  3. 1, 3 and 4

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Streams can be classified based on their flow duration: perennial (flow all year), intermittent (flow during certain seasons), ephemeral (flow only after rain), and seasonal (flow during specific seasons). All are valid types.

Multiple choice landforms on earth and external processes general physical geography general knowledge

Ground water is an agent of erosion, transportation and deposition. Regarding ground water, pick correct statements.
(1) Water filling up joints and pores-spaces is ground water.
(2) Groundwater plays an important role in weathering and mass movement.
(3) It re-enters hydrological cycle as springs.
(4) Amount of water available as ground water depends upon climate, season and nature of rocks.

  1. 1 and 4

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 3 and 4

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Groundwater is water that occupies the pores and joints in rocks. It is a key agent in weathering, mass movement, and the hydrological cycle, and its availability is heavily dependent on local environmental factors.

Multiple choice landforms on earth and external processes general physical geography general knowledge

Regarding mass movement, choose the correct statements.
(1) Movement of weathered material down slope.
(2) Gravitational force of Earth is the reason for mass movement with multiple triggers.
(3) It is dependent upon gradient of slope, weight of weathered debris and presence of any trigger (lubricating agent or vibration).
(4) There are 3 types of mass movement.

  1. 1 and 4

  2. 1, 2 and 3

  3. 1 and 3

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Mass movement is the downslope movement of material driven by gravity. It is influenced by slope gradient, material weight, and triggers like water or vibrations. There are many types of mass movement (e.g., creep, slide, flow, fall).

Multiple choice landforms on earth and external processes general physical geography general knowledge

Fluvial erosion is one of the most important exogenetic processes. On what factors does it depend?
(1) Channel gradient  (2) Volume of water
(3) Velocity of flow   (4) Water discharge   (5) Sediment load

  1. 1, 2 and 3

  2. 2, 4 and 5

  3. 1, 3 and 5

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fluvial erosion is driven by the energy of the water, which is a function of channel gradient, volume, velocity, discharge, and the sediment load it carries to abrade the channel.

Multiple choice landforms on earth and external processes general physical geography general knowledge

Which of the following is/are not erosional land forms?
(1) Cliff
(2) Caves
(3) Wave-cut platform

(4) Beaches

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1 and 3

  3. All of above

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cliffs, caves, and wave-cut platforms are erosional landforms created by wave action. Beaches are depositional landforms formed by the accumulation of sand and shingle.

Multiple choice landforms on earth and external processes general physical geography general knowledge

Physical weathering is another important form of denudational process. Choose correct statements regarding it:
(1) It can be broadly divided into 4 types.
(2) Exfoliation occurs only in dry areas.
(3) Frost is the most potent force of weathering in temperate region.
(4) Biotic weathering can take place only if it's preceded by chemical weathering.

  1. 1, 3 and 4

  2. 1 and 3

  3. 1, 2 and 3

  4. Only 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (1) is correct: physical weathering is classified into 4 types - thermal, frost, pressure-release, and salt crystal weathering. Statement (2) is false: exfoliation occurs in both dry and humid areas. Statement (3) is correct: frost action (freeze-thaw cycles) is indeed the dominant weathering force in temperate regions. Statement (4) is false: biotic weathering (roots, burrowing animals) can occur independently. Therefore only 1 and 3 are correct.

Multiple choice biology origin and evolution of life fossilization geological time scale, extinctions and fossils concepts of evolution

............ is a process of fossilisation that occurs when an organism is buried.

  1. Humification

  2. Permineralization

  3. Vermicomposting

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Permineralization:- A process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. Carried by water, these minerals fill the spaces within organic tissue.

This occurs when the pores of the plant materials, bones, and shells are impregnated by mineral matter from the ground, lakes, or ocean. In some cases, the wood fibers and cellulose dissolve and some minerals replace them.
So, the correct answer is "Permineralization".

Multiple choice geography rivers, coasts and glaciation rivers rivers and their work exogenic forces

The process which brings about a reduction in the difference in height between the high lands and the low lands is called ____________.

  1. Degradation

  2. Aggradation

  3. Gradation

  4. Weathering
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gradation is the process of leveling the land surface by the combined action of degradation (wearing down) and aggradation (building up).

Multiple choice geography rivers, coasts and glaciation rivers rivers and their work exogenic forces

Which sequence of processes occurs in the correct order?

  1. weathering, erosion, transportation

  2. erosion, weathering, transportation

  3. erosion, transportation, weathering

  4. All of these processes occur at the same time.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Weathering is the breakdown of rocks and materials attached to the earth's surface.
  • Erosion is the removal of material from their original place on earth's surface after it has been weathered.
  • Transportation is the movement of the eroded materials to long distances by the actions of various agents like water, wind etc.
  • Hence the sequence will be weathering, erosion and transportation
Multiple choice geography rivers, coasts and glaciation rivers rivers and their work exogenic forces

Weathering involves the ___________.

  1. picking up of rock fragments.

  2. movement of rock fragments.

  3. mechanical and chemical breakup of rocks.

  4. formation of rocks by the action of weather.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Weathering refers to the breakdown or disintegration and decomposition of rocks in situ through mechanical and chemical changes in the rocks. Weathering by itself is a static process and does not involve removal of the material. The products of weathering tend to accumulate in a soft surface layer.

Multiple choice geography rivers, coasts and glaciation rivers rivers and their work exogenic forces

Which one of the following is not the agents of weathering?

  1. Soil

  2. Glaciers

  3. Wind

  4. Rain water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Glaciers, winds and rainwater are the agents of wethering which imply they are the forces that carry out the breakdown of materials over the earth's surface
  • Soil is the material which is formed as the result of wethering hence it is not the agent of wethering and this is the right answer.