Education Policy and Sociology

Higher education, the author would have us believe, is

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

A country is as good as the quality of intellectuals it produces. Progress comes from thinking, articulating, discussing, debating and executing ideas in an environment of respect for pluralism. We should remember Benjamin Disraeli’s words that a university should be a place of light, of liberty and of learning. The aim of a country’s higher education system is sustainable development and improvement of the economy as a whole. Research has shown that, on average, countries that have higher levels of literacy and have invested steadily in raising the education levels of their labor force have sustained high levels of economic growth.  
Science is about unraveling nature, and creating a foundation for technology to make life better for humankind. The higher the quality of university education is in a country, the more prosperous and competitive the people. The USA is the finest example of this thesis, since it has built a vibrant educational system which is the second largest in the world. Seventeen of the world’s top twenty universities are American. Not only do US universities produce workers to drive economic growth, but they are also world-class incubators of innovation and knowledge creation. American universities currently employ 70 per cent of the world’s Nobel Prize winners.
The American education system has helped seed the growth of key ‘new technology’ industries in the USA—the semiconductor, information technology, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries—through the early discoveries of university researchers.
Similarly, since the 1960s, the South-East and East Asian countries pursued a strategy of building a ‘stock’ of highly-trained human resources to attract knowledge-intensive investment and boost economic growth. The Republic of South Korea is a good example of such an economy. As early as 1980, the country had achieved a primary enrolment rate of 96 per cent, and a tertiary enrolment rate of 40 per cent, figures similar to the industrialized nations. The country’s education policy has significantly contributed to South Korea’s rapid export-led growth, the sustained economic development the country has experienced since the 1980s, and the rising prosperity of its people.
Even in India, the value of higher education was realized by our early leaders. India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, recognized the importance of institutes of higher learning for the development of the country. It was this vision that led to the establishment of the IITs, the IIMs, AIIMS and the national laboratories resulting in many high-impact initiatives including Vikram Sarabhai’s space programme and Homi Bhabha’s atomic programme. Over the last two decades, India has made strong economic gains leveraging its educational infrastructure. India’s vast pool of low-cost, educated workers has helped establish the country’s burgeoning software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

What, according to the passage, is not the enabling tool for social and economic development of a country?

1. Respect for pluralism
2. Scientific temperament
3. Higher education
4. Dissemination of knowledge

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

A country is as good as the quality of intellectuals it produces. Progress comes from thinking, articulating, discussing, debating and executing ideas in an environment of respect for pluralism. We should remember Benjamin Disraeli’s words that a university should be a place of light, of liberty and of learning. The aim of a country’s higher education system is sustainable development and improvement of the economy as a whole. Research has shown that, on average, countries that have higher levels of literacy and have invested steadily in raising the education levels of their labor force have sustained high levels of economic growth.  
Science is about unraveling nature, and creating a foundation for technology to make life better for humankind. The higher the quality of university education is in a country, the more prosperous and competitive the people. The USA is the finest example of this thesis, since it has built a vibrant educational system which is the second largest in the world. Seventeen of the world’s top twenty universities are American. Not only do US universities produce workers to drive economic growth, but they are also world-class incubators of innovation and knowledge creation. American universities currently employ 70 per cent of the world’s Nobel Prize winners.
The American education system has helped seed the growth of key ‘new technology’ industries in the USA—the semiconductor, information technology, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries—through the early discoveries of university researchers.
Similarly, since the 1960s, the South-East and East Asian countries pursued a strategy of building a ‘stock’ of highly-trained human resources to attract knowledge-intensive investment and boost economic growth. The Republic of South Korea is a good example of such an economy. As early as 1980, the country had achieved a primary enrolment rate of 96 per cent, and a tertiary enrolment rate of 40 per cent, figures similar to the industrialized nations. The country’s education policy has significantly contributed to South Korea’s rapid export-led growth, the sustained economic development the country has experienced since the 1980s, and the rising prosperity of its people.
Even in India, the value of higher education was realized by our early leaders. India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, recognized the importance of institutes of higher learning for the development of the country. It was this vision that led to the establishment of the IITs, the IIMs, AIIMS and the national laboratories resulting in many high-impact initiatives including Vikram Sarabhai’s space programme and Homi Bhabha’s atomic programme. Over the last two decades, India has made strong economic gains leveraging its educational infrastructure. India’s vast pool of low-cost, educated workers has helped establish the country’s burgeoning software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

““The USA is the finest example of this thesis”, says the author. What thesis is he referring to?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

A country is as good as the quality of intellectuals it produces. Progress comes from thinking, articulating, discussing, debating and executing ideas in an environment of respect for pluralism. We should remember Benjamin Disraeli’s words that a university should be a place of light, of liberty and of learning. The aim of a country’s higher education system is sustainable development and improvement of the economy as a whole. Research has shown that, on average, countries that have higher levels of literacy and have invested steadily in raising the education levels of their labor force have sustained high levels of economic growth.  
Science is about unraveling nature, and creating a foundation for technology to make life better for humankind. The higher the quality of university education is in a country, the more prosperous and competitive the people. The USA is the finest example of this thesis, since it has built a vibrant educational system which is the second largest in the world. Seventeen of the world’s top twenty universities are American. Not only do US universities produce workers to drive economic growth, but they are also world-class incubators of innovation and knowledge creation. American universities currently employ 70 per cent of the world’s Nobel Prize winners.
The American education system has helped seed the growth of key ‘new technology’ industries in the USA—the semiconductor, information technology, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries—through the early discoveries of university researchers.
Similarly, since the 1960s, the South-East and East Asian countries pursued a strategy of building a ‘stock’ of highly-trained human resources to attract knowledge-intensive investment and boost economic growth. The Republic of South Korea is a good example of such an economy. As early as 1980, the country had achieved a primary enrolment rate of 96 per cent, and a tertiary enrolment rate of 40 per cent, figures similar to the industrialized nations. The country’s education policy has significantly contributed to South Korea’s rapid export-led growth, the sustained economic development the country has experienced since the 1980s, and the rising prosperity of its people.
Even in India, the value of higher education was realized by our early leaders. India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, recognized the importance of institutes of higher learning for the development of the country. It was this vision that led to the establishment of the IITs, the IIMs, AIIMS and the national laboratories resulting in many high-impact initiatives including Vikram Sarabhai’s space programme and Homi Bhabha’s atomic programme. Over the last two decades, India has made strong economic gains leveraging its educational infrastructure. India’s vast pool of low-cost, educated workers has helped establish the country’s burgeoning software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

Which of the following can definitely not be inferred from the passage?

1. India's burgeoning software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries failed to boost Indian economy the same way these industries did for US economy.
2. Nehru's and Indira Gandhi's belief in higher education was very strong.
3. Only a sound infrastructure of higher education can ensure success in leveraging knowledge and innovation.

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

A country is as good as the quality of intellectuals it produces. Progress comes from thinking, articulating, discussing, debating and executing ideas in an environment of respect for pluralism. We should remember Benjamin Disraeli’s words that a university should be a place of light, of liberty and of learning. The aim of a country’s higher education system is sustainable development and improvement of the economy as a whole. Research has shown that, on average, countries that have higher levels of literacy and have invested steadily in raising the education levels of their labor force have sustained high levels of economic growth.  
Science is about unraveling nature, and creating a foundation for technology to make life better for humankind. The higher the quality of university education is in a country, the more prosperous and competitive the people. The USA is the finest example of this thesis, since it has built a vibrant educational system which is the second largest in the world. Seventeen of the world’s top twenty universities are American. Not only do US universities produce workers to drive economic growth, but they are also world-class incubators of innovation and knowledge creation. American universities currently employ 70 per cent of the world’s Nobel Prize winners.
The American education system has helped seed the growth of key ‘new technology’ industries in the USA—the semiconductor, information technology, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries—through the early discoveries of university researchers.
Similarly, since the 1960s, the South-East and East Asian countries pursued a strategy of building a ‘stock’ of highly-trained human resources to attract knowledge-intensive investment and boost economic growth. The Republic of South Korea is a good example of such an economy. As early as 1980, the country had achieved a primary enrolment rate of 96 per cent, and a tertiary enrolment rate of 40 per cent, figures similar to the industrialized nations. The country’s education policy has significantly contributed to South Korea’s rapid export-led growth, the sustained economic development the country has experienced since the 1980s, and the rising prosperity of its people.
Even in India, the value of higher education was realized by our early leaders. India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, recognized the importance of institutes of higher learning for the development of the country. It was this vision that led to the establishment of the IITs, the IIMs, AIIMS and the national laboratories resulting in many high-impact initiatives including Vikram Sarabhai’s space programme and Homi Bhabha’s atomic programme. Over the last two decades, India has made strong economic gains leveraging its educational infrastructure. India’s vast pool of low-cost, educated workers has helped establish the country’s burgeoning software, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

Consider the following statements with reference to Wood's Despatch:

1. Institution of a regular system of scholarship to enable meritorious students to pursue the higher courses of study.
2. Helping the educational institutions founded by private efforts to obtain grants from government funds.
3. Provision of moral and religious education as an important component of curriculum. Which of the above were the features of Wood's Despatch?