Disease Symptoms and Effects

Communicable (infectious) diseases spread from person to person through pathogens. Cholera (bacterial Vibrio cholerae through water), Common cold (viral through air/droplets), and Chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus through air/droplets) are all communicable. Anemia is a non-communicable condition - it is a deficiency disease caused by lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin (from iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, blood loss, or genetic conditions like thalassemia), not by infectious agents.

Haemophilia is a disease in which the blood does not clot whenever there is a wound/injury and it is a genetic disorder. It is not caused or spread by infectious agents. Thus, it is a non-infectious disease. Cholera, typhoid and malaria are caused due to microorganisms, which cause infection or disease in the digestive system, immune system and blood (also liver), respectively.

Tuberculosis is a chronic disease as it can last for a long time, even as much as a lifetime.

(a) Acute diseases: These diseases are severe, but short-spanned and get less time to cause prolonged poor health. (b) Chronic diseases: These diseases last for longer periods of time and take sufficient time to affect different parts of the body and lead to a poor health, which recovers after a long time. (c) Infectious diseases: These diseases spread from a diseased person to a healthy person due to the transmission of disease-causing organisms (for example, common cold). (d) Non-infectious diseases: These diseases do not spread from one person to another. For example, heart ailment, cancer, etc. They are not caused by infectious agents. The causative agents of these diseases are internal factors. 

Use of insecticides and avoiding collection of water in surroundings will prevent breeding of mosquitoes. As malaria is spread by mosquitoes, these measures will prevent this disease. 

The natural occurrence of Beau's lines indicates aging.

Bleeding gums is one of the symptoms of scurvy. It does not occur in marasmus.

Haematemesis is vomiting of blood, either bright or altered blood due to the action of acid on the blood. It is not seen in the sufferers of progressive prostate cancer.

Nulliparity is defined as the state of not bearing offspring. The risk factors for ovarian cancer include increased age and nulliparity of the females.

In management of prostate cancer which is confined to the prostate gland, active surveillance is a genuine approach, as are prostatectomy and radiotherapy.

This is a correct statement . The response rate to platinum chemotherapy is approximately 50 to 60% in those who relapse more than 2 years after completion of platinum based first line chemotherapy.

Chest pain can happen in adults for a variety of reasons. Chest pain is associtaed mainly with heart attack, angina, heartburn, pulmonary embolism etc but it is not observed in ovarian cancers.

Death: Bites of poisonous snakes can cause death.

The first toxic symptom of all synthetic local anesthetics is usually manifested by signs and symptoms of CNS stimulation such as restlessness leading to convulsions. The stimulating phase is usually followed by depression, which if severe can cause death.

This is the correct option as this is not a symptom of malaria.