Disease Symptoms and Effects

The common cold virus spreads through multiple routes: airborne droplets when coughing/sneezing (air/water), touching contaminated surfaces like towels or utensils (fomites), and direct contact like handshakes. Since all listed methods are valid transmission routes, "All of the above" is correct.

This is the correct option. Dry and loose skin is a symptom of marasmus, and not kwashiorkor.

This is not a symptom of marasmus. It is a symptom of Kwashiorkor. Thus, this is the correct option.

Yes, it is correct. It is an air borne diseses. Patient should be kept in isolation.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer of the bile ducts that causes obstruction to bile flow. This obstruction prevents conjugated bilirubin (direct bilirubin) from being excreted into the intestine, causing it to accumulate in the blood instead. Indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin is not typically elevated in cholangiocarcinoma unless there is also hemolysis or liver dysfunction.

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is characterized by elevated levels of porphobilinogen (PBG) and aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the urine during acute attacks. This occurs due to a deficiency in porphobilinogen deaminase, causing accumulation of heme precursors proximal to the block. PBG is a specific diagnostic marker for AIP and can be detected by Watson-Schwartz test or Hoeffmann's test.

This 'EXCEPT' question asks which statement is FALSE. Normal urine does NOT contain bilirubin - its absence is one of the key differences between normal urine and the urine of patients with liver disease. All other statements are true: urobilogen is formed in the intestine by bacterial action, unconjugated bilirubin is lipophilic, and bilirubin diglucuronide (conjugated bilirubin) is synthesized in the liver. Only conjugated bilirubin appears in urine when the renal threshold is exceeded.

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is characterized by abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and urine that darkens on standing due to porphobilinogen oxidation. Photosensitivity is NOT a feature of AIP - it occurs in cutaneous porphyrias like porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic protoporphyria.

This patient has predominantly direct (conjugated) hyperbilirubinemia (14/26 mg/dl) with bile salts and pigments in urine but absent urobilinogen. This pattern is classic for obstructive jaundice where conjugated bilirubin cannot enter the intestine and thus no urobilinogen is formed. Hemolytic jaundice shows unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with increased urobilinogen.

Halitosis is the medical term for bad breath, caused by poor oral hygiene, certain foods, or underlying health issues. Blood pressure (hypertension), flu, and headache are unrelated medical conditions. Note: The question has a typo 'Halitotis' instead of 'Halitosis'.

If the original lung cancer has spread, a person may feel symptoms in other places in the body. Common places for lung cancer to spread include other parts of the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, brain, liver, and adrenal glands.

Turmeric has powerful anti-oxidant properties. It is used to protect against the development of cancer.

No loss of weight is observed in patients who suffer  with acute diseases.

Airborne droplet nuclei develop when the fluid of pathogenic droplets (1 to 5 m in size) evaporates. They are so small and light, and they may remain suspended in the air for several hours. Thus, they may also infect persons entering a room which has been left by a patient long ago.

Infection is the invasion of a host organism's bodily tissues by disease causing organisms.