Constitutions and Law

All the courts in the territory of India other than the Supreme Court are concerned. They would be bound by the opinion of the Supreme Court even though it has been given under advisory jurisdiction.

Article 112 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Annual Financial Statement, which is commonly known as the Union Budget.

If the President is satisfied that there is an economic situation in which the financial stability or credit of India is threatened, he or she can declare financial emergency. Such an emergency must be approved by the Parliament within two months. It has never been declared. Such a situation had arisen, but was avoided by putting the gold assets of India as collateral for foreign credit.  It remains enforced till the President revokes it. In case of a financial emergency, the President can reduce the salaries of all government officials, including judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts. All money bills passed by the State legislatures are submitted to the President for his approval. He can direct the state to observe certain principles (economy measures) relating to financial matters. The phrase Emergency period, used loosely when referring to the political history of India, often refers to the third and the most controversial of the three occasions.

The Government of India Act 1935 served as the primary source for the Indian Constitution, providing the structural framework for the federal system. Many administrative details were directly incorporated from this legislation.

Article 112 of the Indian Constitution deals with the 'Annual Financial Statement', which is commonly referred to as the Union Budget.

Part VII of the Indian Constitution originally dealt with States in Part B. It was repealed by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956.

The Government of India Act, 1935, provided the structural framework for the Indian Constitution, with many of its provisions being incorporated directly.

Article 335 of the Indian Constitution provides that the claims of the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall be taken into consideration, consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration, in the making of appointments to services and posts.

Article 19(1) (g) of the Constitution refers to freedom to practise any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

Article 213 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Governor of a state to promulgate Ordinances when the state legislature is not in session.

Article 13 of the Indian Constitution declares that any law inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights shall be void, which forms the basis for the power of judicial review.

Article 11 of the Indian Constitution grants the Parliament the power to regulate the right of citizenship by law. Articles 5 through 10 deal with citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.

The 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution, added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, contains the provisions for disqualification on grounds of defection.

Article 30(1) of the Indian Constitution states that all minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

The word 'cabinet' was added to the Indian Constitution by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978, in Article 352, which deals with the proclamation of emergency.