Computer Networks

The Presentation layer (Layer 6) is responsible for data translation, compression, and encryption/decryption to ensure that the application layer can read the data.

The Session layer (Layer 5) manages, establishes, maintains, and terminates connections (sessions) between applications on different devices.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that prioritizes speed over reliability, making it ideal for real-time applications like video streaming.

The Session layer is responsible for creating, managing, and terminating sessions between two communicating hosts.

HTTP, FTP, and RDC are protocols that interact directly with user software, placing them in the Application layer (Layer 7).

The Transport layer (Layer 4) is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control, ensuring that data is delivered reliably and in the correct order.

The Network layer (Layer 3) handles logical addressing (IP) and routing, which allows data to move between different networks.

The Data Link layer (Layer 2) uses physical (MAC) addresses to deliver data between devices on the same local network, which is the primary function of a switch.

The Transport layer in the TCP/IP model is responsible for host-to-host communication, ensuring data delivery between processes on different hosts.

The Transport layer is responsible for segmenting data, managing end-to-end connections, and using port numbers to direct traffic to the correct application.

Layer 2 (Data Link) switches use MAC address tables to forward data frames to the correct destination port within a local network.

The Data Link layer is responsible for node-to-node data transfer and includes the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer. This sublayer manages how devices gain access to the medium to transmit data.

The Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing across different networks, which is the core function of the Internet. It uses IP addresses to direct data packets.

The Network layer is responsible for routing data packets between different networks using logical IP addresses. This is the primary function of routers.

The Presentation layer acts as a translator for the network. It handles data formatting, encryption, and compression to ensure that data sent from the application layer is readable by the receiving system.