Computer Networks

A transport-layer DDoS attack targets a specific transport protocol, such as TCP or UDP, by sending malformed packets or exploiting vulnerabilities in the protocol.

Asynchronous mirroring involves writing data to the primary copy first and then asynchronously propagating the changes to the mirror copy. This allows for faster write operations, but it also introduces the possibility of data inconsistency between the primary and mirror copies.

Computer telephony integration (CTI) is the technology that allows users to make telephone calls using a computer.

GPRS uses the PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) to establish a data connection between a mobile device and the network. PPP is a widely used protocol that provides a reliable and secure data link over various types of networks.

The GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) is responsible for routing data packets between different networks in a GPRS network. It acts as a gateway between the GPRS network and the external IP network, allowing mobile devices to access the internet and other IP-based services.

IPsec, SSL/TLS, and SSH are commonly used security protocols to secure data transmission over EDGE networks.

TCP, UDP, and SCTP are all transport protocols that can be used over a 5G network. TCP is a reliable protocol that ensures that data is delivered in order, while UDP is an unreliable protocol that is used for applications that require low latency. SCTP is a reliable protocol that is designed for high-performance applications.

NFS, CIFS, and AFP are all types of NAS protocols. NFS is a protocol that is used to share files over a TCP/IP network. CIFS is a protocol that is used to share files over a Windows network. AFP is a protocol that is used to share files over an Apple network.

Wireshark is a widely used network protocol analyzer that allows security professionals to capture and analyze network traffic, identify anomalies, and detect potential security threats.

Snort is a widely used network intrusion detection and prevention system (IDS/IPS) that monitors network traffic for suspicious activity, detects and alerts on potential threats, and can also block or drop malicious traffic.

The Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) is the protocol used for routing and switching calls in a GSM network. It provides a standardized interface between different network elements and enables the exchange of signaling information.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet-based data transmission protocol used in GSM networks. It enables mobile devices to transmit and receive data in a packet-switched mode, allowing for more efficient use of network resources.

CHAP (Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol) is the primary authentication mechanism used in GPRS networks. It is a two-way authentication protocol that provides strong security by using a shared secret key.

IKEv2 (Internet Key Exchange version 2) is the security protocol used to establish a secure connection between a GPRS device and a GPRS network. It is a key exchange protocol that provides strong security by using a shared secret key.

SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) is the security protocol used to provide secure communication between GPRS devices and applications. It is a widely used protocol that provides strong security by using a shared secret key.