Social Science

Cognitive Biases and Decision Making

1,902 Questions

Explore a curated set of questions on cognitive biases, decision making, and behavioral economics. These concepts evaluate how social norms, emotions, and heuristics influence human judgment and group behavior. Master these topics to build a strong foundation for psychology and social science exams.

Behavioral economicsSocial group influencesEmotional decision makingConfirmation bias

Cognitive Biases and Decision Making Questions

Multiple choice

What is the term for the phenomenon where we tend to remember information that is personally relevant or meaningful to us more easily than information that is not?

  1. Self-reference effect

  2. Primacy effect

  3. Recency effect

  4. Middle effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Self-reference effect refers to the phenomenon where we tend to remember information that is personally relevant or meaningful to us more easily than information that is not. This effect is thought to be influenced by various factors, such as our emotions, beliefs, and values.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the phenomenon where we tend to remember information that is presented in a vivid or emotionally charged manner more easily than information that is presented in a neutral manner?

  1. Flashbulb memory

  2. Primacy effect

  3. Recency effect

  4. Middle effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Flashbulb memory refers to the phenomenon where we tend to remember information that is presented in a vivid or emotionally charged manner more easily than information that is presented in a neutral manner. This effect is thought to be influenced by the release of stress hormones, which can enhance memory consolidation.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the process of perceiving objects as being closer or farther away than they actually are?

  1. Depth perception

  2. Motion perception

  3. Size perception

  4. Shape perception
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Depth perception is the process of perceiving objects as being closer or farther away than they actually are. It is a complex process that involves the use of both monocular cues (cues that can be used with one eye) and binocular cues (cues that require the use of both eyes).

Multiple choice

What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals experience a sense of familiarity with a new environment or situation?

  1. Deja vu

  2. Jamais vu

  3. Presque vu

  4. Jamais deja vu
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Deja vu is the feeling of having experienced a present situation before, even though it is actually new.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the phenomenon where individuals experience a sudden, vivid memory or thought that seems unrelated to their current situation?

  1. Deja vu

  2. Jamais vu

  3. Presque vu

  4. Intrusive thought
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Intrusive thoughts are unwanted, distressing thoughts that pop into consciousness involuntarily.

Multiple choice

What is the term used in humanistic psychology to describe the tendency to focus on one's own subjective experiences and ignore the perspectives of others?

  1. Solipsism

  2. Nihilism

  3. Existentialism

  4. Hedonism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Solipsism is a philosophical concept that posits that the only reality is one's own subjective experiences, which can be a challenge in humanistic psychology's emphasis on understanding others' perspectives.

Multiple choice

What is the term used in humanistic psychology to describe the tendency to view the world in a negative and pessimistic manner?

  1. Nihilism

  2. Existentialism

  3. Hedonism

  4. Solipsism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Nihilism is a philosophical concept that posits that life is meaningless and that there is no inherent purpose or value in existence, which can be a challenge in humanistic psychology's emphasis on finding meaning and purpose.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the study of how students' attitudes and beliefs about mathematics affect their learning?

  1. Affective factors in mathematics education

  2. Attitudes and beliefs in mathematics education

  3. Motivation in mathematics education

  4. Self-efficacy in mathematics education
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Affective factors in mathematics education refer to the study of how students' attitudes, beliefs, and emotions about mathematics affect their learning. This includes how students' attitudes and beliefs influence their motivation to learn mathematics, their self-efficacy in mathematics, and their overall achievement in mathematics.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of cognitive bias?

  1. Confirmation bias

  2. Hindsight bias

  3. Framing effect

  4. Availability heuristic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Framing effect is not a type of cognitive bias. Confirmation bias, hindsight bias, and availability heuristic are all types of cognitive biases.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of media consumers to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs?

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Selective Perception

  3. Selective Exposure

  4. Selective Retention
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Selective Exposure refers to the tendency of individuals to actively seek out information that aligns with their existing beliefs and avoid information that challenges them.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of media consumers to actively seek out information that challenges their existing beliefs?

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Selective Perception

  3. Selective Exposure

  4. Counter-Attitudinal Seeking
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Counter-Attitudinal Seeking refers to the tendency of individuals to actively seek out information that contradicts their existing beliefs in order to challenge and refine their understanding.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of media consumers to interpret media messages based on their own experiences and beliefs?

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Selective Perception

  3. Selective Exposure

  4. Selective Retention
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Selective Perception refers to the tendency of individuals to interpret media messages in a way that aligns with their existing beliefs and values.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of media consumers to remember information that confirms their existing beliefs and forget information that challenges them?

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Selective Perception

  3. Selective Exposure

  4. Selective Retention
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Selective Retention refers to the tendency of individuals to selectively remember information that aligns with their existing beliefs and forget information that contradicts them.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of media consumers to interpret media messages in a way that is consistent with their existing beliefs and values?

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Selective Perception

  3. Selective Exposure

  4. Selective Retention
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Confirmation Bias refers to the tendency of individuals to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs and to interpret ambiguous information in a way that supports those beliefs.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of media consumers to actively avoid information that challenges their existing beliefs?

  1. Confirmation Bias

  2. Selective Perception

  3. Selective Exposure

  4. Selective Avoidance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Selective Avoidance refers to the tendency of individuals to actively avoid information that contradicts their existing beliefs in order to maintain their cognitive consistency.