Social Science

Cognitive Biases and Decision Making

1,902 Questions

Explore a curated set of questions on cognitive biases, decision making, and behavioral economics. These concepts evaluate how social norms, emotions, and heuristics influence human judgment and group behavior. Master these topics to build a strong foundation for psychology and social science exams.

Behavioral economicsSocial group influencesEmotional decision makingConfirmation bias

Cognitive Biases and Decision Making Questions

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the tendency for individuals to perceive threats as more severe and imminent than they actually are?

  1. Risk Aversion

  2. Framing Effect

  3. Negativity Bias

  4. Optimism Bias
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Negativity Bias refers to the tendency to give more weight to negative information and perceive threats as more severe and imminent than they actually are.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the tendency for individuals to view their own group more favorably than other groups?

  1. In-Group Bias

  2. Out-Group Bias

  3. Social Identity Theory

  4. Framing Effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In-Group Bias refers to the tendency for individuals to favor and identify with their own group, often leading to positive evaluations of in-group members and negative evaluations of out-group members.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the tendency for individuals to be more persuaded by arguments that are framed in a positive light?

  1. Framing Effect

  2. Priming Effect

  3. Confirmation Bias

  4. Backfire Effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Framing Effect refers to the tendency for individuals to be more persuaded by arguments that are presented in a positive or desirable manner, even if the underlying information is the same.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the tendency for individuals to be more persuaded by arguments that are presented by attractive or likeable individuals?

  1. Halo Effect

  2. Priming Effect

  3. Confirmation Bias

  4. Backfire Effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Halo Effect refers to the tendency for individuals to form a positive or negative impression of someone based on a single trait or characteristic, often leading to biased evaluations and judgments.

Multiple choice

What is the term used to describe the tendency for individuals to be more persuaded by arguments that are presented in a simple and easy-to-understand manner?

  1. Framing Effect

  2. Priming Effect

  3. Heuristic Processing

  4. Backfire Effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Heuristic Processing refers to the tendency for individuals to use mental shortcuts or simplified strategies to make judgments and decisions, often relying on easily accessible information and cues.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of older adults to focus on positive information and experiences while minimizing negative ones?

  1. Selective attention

  2. Positivity bias

  3. Negativity bias

  4. Cognitive dissonance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Older adults often exhibit a positivity bias, which involves selectively attending to and remembering positive information while downplaying negative information.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of older adults to rely on past experiences and knowledge rather than seeking out new information?

  1. Cognitive rigidity

  2. Open-mindedness

  3. Intellectual curiosity

  4. Cognitive flexibility
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Older adults may exhibit cognitive rigidity, which involves a preference for familiar information and a reluctance to consider new perspectives or ideas.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of older adults to view themselves and their lives in a more positive light?

  1. Self-enhancement

  2. Self-criticism

  3. Self-awareness

  4. Self-acceptance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Older adults often exhibit self-enhancement, which involves viewing themselves and their lives in a more positive light, possibly as a coping mechanism for age-related challenges.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of older adults to rely on stereotypes and generalizations when making judgments about others?

  1. Ageism

  2. Prejudice

  3. Discrimination

  4. Social categorization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ageism refers to the tendency to hold negative stereotypes and attitudes towards older adults, which can influence judgments and interactions.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the tendency of older adults to rely on their past experiences and knowledge rather than seeking out new information?

  1. Cognitive rigidity

  2. Open-mindedness

  3. Intellectual curiosity

  4. Cognitive flexibility
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cognitive rigidity refers to the tendency of older adults to rely heavily on their past experiences and knowledge, making them less receptive to new information and perspectives.

Multiple choice

According to behavioral economics, how do individuals' beliefs and expectations influence their economic decisions during a crisis?

  1. They become more risk-averse and conservative.

  2. They become more optimistic and speculative.

  3. They become more impulsive and short-sighted.

  4. They become more rational and analytical.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Behavioral economics suggests that individuals tend to become more risk-averse and conservative in their economic decisions during a crisis, as they seek to protect their financial resources and minimize losses.

Multiple choice

The tendency to remember information that is consistent with our existing beliefs and expectations is known as:

  1. Confirmation bias

  2. Hindsight bias

  3. Illusion of control

  4. Framing effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Confirmation bias is the tendency to remember information that is consistent with our existing beliefs and expectations.

Multiple choice

The tendency to remember information that is presented first or last in a series is known as:

  1. Serial position effect

  2. Primacy effect

  3. Recency effect

  4. Von Restorff effect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The serial position effect is the tendency to remember information that is presented first or last in a series.

Multiple choice

The tendency to remember information that is associated with strong emotions is known as:

  1. Flashbulb memory

  2. Emotional memory

  3. Autobiographical memory

  4. Episodic memory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Emotional memory is the tendency to remember information that is associated with strong emotions.

Multiple choice

The tendency to forget information that is not used or rehearsed is known as:

  1. Decay theory

  2. Interference theory

  3. Motivated forgetting

  4. Repression
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Decay theory is the tendency to forget information that is not used or rehearsed.