Climate, Weather, and Geography

The innermost zone is the least hot part black in colour. This is due to the unburned wax vapor.

The Amazon Rainforest is an Equatorial rainforest and is located very close to the Equator. As a result of being an Equatorial rainforest, the Amazon basin's weather and climate are very hot, humid and damp.  There are no seasons like Summer, Autumn, Winter and Spring, it is just one humid season with lots of rain.

The Amazon Basin stretches directly on the equator and is characterized by hot and wet climate throughout the year. Both day and nights are almost equally hot and humid. The skin feels sticky. It rains almost every day, that too without much warning. The day temperatures are high with very high humidity. At night the temperature goes down but the humidity remains high.

Polar Easterlies are planetary winds that blow from the polar high-pressure belts toward the subpolar low-pressure belts. They are known for their relative steadiness compared to other wind systems.

Moisture-laden winds blowing from the sea are forced to rise when they encounter coastal mountains (orographic lifting). As the air rises, it cools adiabatically, leading to condensation and heavy precipitation on the windward slopes.

The Westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees, blowing from the subtropical high-pressure belts toward the subpolar low-pressure belts.

Planetary wind belts are primarily driven by the global distribution of high and low pressure, which is caused by differential heating of the Earth's surface and the resulting atmospheric circulation cells.

Mediterranean climates experience dry summers because the subtropical high-pressure belts shift poleward, causing trade winds to blow from land to sea. Since these winds originate over land, they are dry and do not bring precipitation to the coastal regions.

Purga is a cold wind in the Russian Tundra, Bise is a cold wind in France, and Yamo is a warm, dry wind in Japan. Santa Ana is a warm, dry wind in California, USA, not Argentina.

Coriolis force or Coriolis effect is responsible for wind deflection in the right or left direction. It initiates the change in the direction of winds and ocean currents to be deflected left if in the southern hemisphere and right in the northern hemisphere. It is the result of the earth's rotation. Earth is constantly spinning around its axis, from west to east.

Satellite imagery allows meteorologists to monitor the cloud patterns, such as the spiral bands and the eye of the cyclone, to estimate the track and intensity of the storm.

The panel on Tropical Cyclones for the North Indian Ocean consists of eight countries: Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Japan is not part of this regional panel.

Cyclone and anticyclone are two important types of cyclonic activity. The atmospheric disturbance which involves a closed circulation about a low-pressure center, anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere, are called cyclones. On the other hand, anticyclone plays a much less important role in the weather-drama at the surface of the earth in comparison with the cyclone. It denotes on atmospheric system that is just opposite of the cyclonic system.

When the wind is spirally moving in towards a low-pressure center then it is called a cyclone. A cyclone has a low pressure at its center and high pressure on the surrounding sides. The wind movement is anti-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

When the wind blows from the high-pressure center towards the low-pressure center this atmospheric disturbance is known as a cyclone. Cyclone blows anticlockwise in the southern hemisphere. It blows anticlockwise because of the Coriolis force produced by the rotation of the earth.