Chemistry

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

1,420 Questions

This section tests your knowledge of chemical bonding, molecular structure, and hybridization. It covers ionic and covalent bonds, octet rule exceptions, and molecular geometry. These chemistry questions are common in various competitive entrance examinations.

Ionic and covalent bondsHybridisation of elementsOctet rule exceptionsMolecular geometryIntermolecular forces

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Questions

Multiple choice

Which among the following molecule/molecular ions possess(es) sp3d hybridisation and seasaw geometry?

  1. SF4
  2. XeO2F2
  3. XeOF2
  4. XeO3F2

  1. Only 1

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 2 and 3

  4. 3 and 4

  5. Only 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

SF4 and XeO2F2 have sp3d hybridisation and one lone pair of electrons with seasaw geometry. XeOF2 has sp3d hybridisation and two lone pair of electrons with T-shaped geometry. XeO3F2 has sp3d hybridisation and zero lone pair of electrons with trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

Multiple choice

Identify the incorrect statements.

  1. NH3 and PCl3 molecules have identical lone pair of electrons with trigonal planar geometry.
  2. OF2 has bent geometry.
  3. SO3 has zero lone pair of electrons with trigonal planar geometry.
  4. CO2 and XeCl2 have zero lone pair of electrons with linear geometry.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 3 and 4

  4. 1 and 3

  5. 1 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
  1. NH3 and PCl3 both molecules have one lone pair of electrons with trigonal pyramidal geometry.
    1. OF2 has two lone pair of electrons with bent geometry.
    2. SO3 has zero lone pair of electrons with trigonal planar geometry.
    3. CO2 has zero lone pair of electrons with linear geometry. XeCl2 has three lone pair of electrons with linear geometry. Hence, 1 and 4 statements are incorrect.
Multiple choice

Match the molecules/molecular ions in List - I with their geometry given in List - II.

 
List - I
List - II
A. ReCl8- 1. trigonal prismatic
B. W(CH3)6 2. square antiprismatic
C. Na[CoCl2(NH3)4] 3. distorted trigonal bipyramidal
D. SeF4 4. Octahedral

  1. A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3

  2. A - 2, B - 4, C - 1, D - 3

  3. A - 1, B - 2, C - 4, D - 3

  4. A - 4, B - 1, C - 2, D - 3

  5. A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

ReCl8- has square antiprismatic molecular geometry (the shape of compounds where eight atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a square antiprism). W(CH3)6 has trigonal prismatic geometry (the shape of compounds where six atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a triangular prism). Na[CoCl2(NH3)4] has octahedral geometry. SeF4 has one lone pair of electrons with distorted trigonal bipyramidal shape. Hence, the representation of codes A - 2, B - 1, C - 4, D - 3 is correct.

Multiple choice

Which of the following are the ions with identical geometry? (i) NH4+ (ii) IF4+ (iii) ClO2- (iv) ClO4-

  1. i and ii

  2. ii and iii

  3. i and iv

  4. i, ii and iii

  5. ii, iii and iv
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

NH4+ and ClO4- both ions have four bond pairs of electrons and zero lone pair of electrons with tetrahedral geometry. IF4+ has four bond pairs of electrons and one lone pair of electrons with seasaw geometry. ClO2- has three bond pairs of electrons and two lone pairs of electrons with V-shaped geometry. Hence, i and iv are identical in geometry.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

  1. XeCl2 has three lone pairs of electrons with bent geometry.
  2. The shape of XeF6 is a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal.
  3. ICl4- and XeF4 both species have identical geometry.

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. 1 and 2

  5. 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  1. XeCl2 has three lone pairs of electrons with linear geometry.
    1. XeF6 has six bond pairs of electrons and one lone pair of electrons with distorted pentagonal bipyramidal shape.
    2. ICl4- ion and XeF4 molecules have four bond pairs of electrons and two lone pairs of electrons with square planar geometry. Hence, only statement P is false.
Multiple choice

The longest NH is

  1. NH 77

  2. NH 7

  3. NH 17

  4. NH 27
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

NH 7 (now renumbered as NH 44) was India's longest highway connecting Varanasi to Kanyakumari (~2,369 km). This North-South corridor passes through 6 states and was part of the Golden Quadrilateral project. Other options are much shorter: NH 77, NH 17 (now NH 66), and NH 27 are regional highways. NH 44 remains the longest even after renumbering.