Chemistry

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

1,277 Questions

This section tests your knowledge of chemical bonding, molecular structure, and hybridization. It covers ionic and covalent bonds, octet rule exceptions, and molecular geometry. These chemistry questions are common in various competitive entrance examinations.

Ionic and covalent bondsHybridisation of elementsOctet rule exceptionsMolecular geometryIntermolecular forces

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following molecules has a linear shape?

  1. Water

  2. Carbon dioxide

  3. Ammonia

  4. Methane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Carbon dioxide (CO2) has a linear shape because the two oxygen atoms are bonded to the carbon atom in a straight line.

Multiple choice

What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in an ammonia molecule?

  1. sp

  2. sp2

  3. sp3

  4. sp3d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In an ammonia molecule, the nitrogen atom undergoes sp3 hybridization, resulting in four equivalent hybrid orbitals that form tetrahedral bonds with the three hydrogen atoms and the lone pair of electrons.

Multiple choice

Which of the following molecules has a trigonal pyramidal shape?

  1. Boron trifluoride

  2. Nitrogen trifluoride

  3. Phosphorus trifluoride

  4. Arsenic trifluoride
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) has a trigonal pyramidal shape due to the three fluorine atoms and the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

Multiple choice

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in an ethene molecule?

  1. sp

  2. sp2

  3. sp3

  4. sp3d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In an ethene molecule, the carbon atoms undergo sp2 hybridization, resulting in three equivalent hybrid orbitals that form trigonal bonds with the two hydrogen atoms and the double bond between the carbon atoms.

Multiple choice

What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in a water molecule?

  1. sp

  2. sp2

  3. sp3

  4. sp3d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a water molecule, the oxygen atom undergoes sp3 hybridization, resulting in four equivalent hybrid orbitals that form tetrahedral bonds with the two hydrogen atoms and the two lone pairs of electrons.

Multiple choice

Which of the following molecules has a tetrahedral shape?

  1. Methane

  2. Ammonia

  3. Water

  4. Carbon dioxide
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Methane (CH4) has a tetrahedral shape because the four hydrogen atoms are bonded to the carbon atom in a tetrahedral arrangement.

Multiple choice

What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in a pyridine molecule?

  1. sp

  2. sp2

  3. sp3

  4. sp3d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In a pyridine molecule, the nitrogen atom undergoes sp2 hybridization, resulting in three equivalent hybrid orbitals that form trigonal bonds with the two carbon atoms and the nitrogen atom in the ring, and one unhybridized p orbital that forms a lone pair of electrons.

Multiple choice

Which of the following molecules has a trigonal planar shape?

  1. Boron trifluoride

  2. Nitrogen trifluoride

  3. Phosphorus trifluoride

  4. Arsenic trifluoride
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Boron trifluoride (BF3) has a trigonal planar shape due to the three fluorine atoms that are bonded to the boron atom in a trigonal arrangement.

Multiple choice

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a benzene molecule?

  1. sp

  2. sp2

  3. sp3

  4. sp3d
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In a benzene molecule, the carbon atoms undergo sp2 hybridization, resulting in three equivalent hybrid orbitals that form trigonal bonds with the two neighboring carbon atoms and the hydrogen atom, and one unhybridized p orbital that participates in the formation of the delocalized π-electron system.

Multiple choice

What is the chemical formula of tantalum carbide?

  1. TaC

  2. Ta2C

  3. Ta3C2

  4. Ta4C3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tantalum carbide is a compound with the chemical formula TaC.

Multiple choice

What is the chemical formula of hafnium carbide?

  1. HfC

  2. Hf2C

  3. Hf3C2

  4. Hf4C3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hafnium carbide is a compound with the chemical formula HfC.

Multiple choice

Which of the following elements is the most likely to form a covalent bond?

  1. H

  2. C

  3. N

  4. O
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Elements in the middle of the periodic table are most likely to form covalent bonds. C is in the middle of the periodic table, so it is the most likely to form a covalent bond.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a hydride?

  1. Sodium hydride (NaH)

  2. Lithium hydride (LiH)

  3. Potassium hydride (KH)

  4. Water (H2O)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Water (H2O) is not a hydride because the hydrogen atoms in water have a positive oxidation state.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of hydride?

  1. Binary hydrides

  2. Complex hydrides

  3. Intermetallic hydrides

  4. Saline hydrides
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Binary hydrides are the most common type of hydride. They are formed by the combination of hydrogen and another element.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of a complex hydride?

  1. Sodium hydride (NaH)

  2. Lithium hydride (LiH)

  3. Potassium hydride (KH)

  4. Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is an example of a complex hydride. It is formed by the combination of lithium, aluminum, and hydrogen.