Biology ยท Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following tissues is regarded as the simplest tissue of the body?

  1. Epithelial tissue

  2. Connective tissue

  3. Nerve tissue

  4. Muscle tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Epithelial tissue is arranged in single or multi-layered sheets and covers the internal and external surfaces of the body of an organism. It is the simplest tissue and is the protective tissue of the body. Epithelial tissue functions to protect underlying structures from injury abrasion or pressure, and from infection

Multiple choice

Blood is an example of:

  1. muscle tissue

  2. epithelial tissue

  3. nerve tissue

  4. specialized connective tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Specialized connective tissue is derived from its property to connect and bind different tissues or organs. It also provides the structural framework and mechanical support to the body.It plays a role in body defense, tissue repair, fat storage, etc. It iscomposed of two basic components, namely, cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. The cells are loosely arranged and lie embedded in the matrix.

Multiple choice

Which of the following tissues forms a continuous sheet?

  1. connective tissue

  2. nerve tissue

  3. epithelial tissue

  4. muscle tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

It is the simplest tissue and is the protective tissue of the body. The cells of the tissue are tightly packed and it forms a continuous sheet. It covers most of the organs and cavities within the body. It also forms a barrier to keep different body systems separate. The skin and lining of the buccal cavity, blood vessels, alveoli and kidney tubules are made of epithelial tissue.

Multiple choice

Histology is the study of

  1. genes

  2. blood

  3. tissue

  4. cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Histology is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.

Multiple choice

The ATP is formed in

  1. plastids

  2. ribosomes

  3. golgibodies

  4. mitochondria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is primarily produced in the mitochondria during cellular respiration.

Multiple choice

The physical basis of life is

  1. cytoplasm

  2. protoplasm

  3. nucleoplasm

  4. endoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Protoplasm is often referred to as the physical basis of life because it contains all the components necessary for life processes.

Multiple choice

The organelle without a membrane is

  1. nucleous

  2. mitchondria

  3. centriole

  4. chloroplast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Centrioles are non-membrane-bound organelles involved in cell division. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are double-membrane organelles.

Multiple choice

The largest cell in the human body is the

  1. nerve cell

  2. muscle cell

  3. liver

  4. kidney cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The nerve cell (specifically the motor neuron) is the longest cell in the human body. Other options like liver and kidney are organs or tissues composed of many cells.

Multiple choice

Bacterial cell membrane is made up of

  1. proteins & phospholipids

  2. cellulose

  3. chitin

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The bacterial cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with various proteins. Cellulose and chitin are structural carbohydrates found in plant cell walls and fungal cell walls, respectively.

Multiple choice

A prokaryotic cell lacks

  1. nuclear membrane

  2. nucleolus

  3. membrane bound cell organelle

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus (and thus a nuclear membrane and nucleolus) and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts. Therefore, all the listed items are absent.

Multiple choice

Schleiden & Schwan proposed that

  1. all cells are alike

  2. all cells die

  3. the bodies of plants & animals are made up of units called cells

  4. new cells arise from pre-existing cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Schleiden and Schwann are credited with formulating the Cell Theory, which states that all living organisms are composed of cells as the basic structural and functional unit.

Multiple choice

Physical basis of heridity is

  1. nucleus

  2. nucleolus

  3. nucleosome

  4. chromosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Chromosomes contain DNA, which carries genetic information from parents to offspring, making them the physical basis of heredity. The nucleus contains the chromosomes, but the chromosomes themselves are the carriers.

Multiple choice

Plant cell differs from the animal cell by the

  1. cell wall present in the animal cell

  2. vacuoles small & large in number in the plant cell

  3. cell wall & chloroplast present in the plant cell

  4. presence of chloroplast in the animal cell but the absence of cell wall.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Plant cells are distinguished from animal cells by the presence of a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Animal cells lack both of these structures.

Multiple choice

The main controlling cell organelle is

  1. nucleous

  2. mitochrondria

  3. nucleolous

  4. ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The nucleus acts as the control center of the cell because it contains the genetic material (DNA) that regulates cellular activities. Note: 'nucleous' is a typo for nucleus.