Cell Biology and Structure

These are cylindrical or filamentous structures found in all aerobic eukaryotic cells except the mature and old mammalian RBCs. Each mitochondrion is a double membrane bound structure enclosing a dense fluid called matrix. The inner membrane is folded inwards to form cristae which increase the surface area. The matrix contains proteins, lipids, few ribosomes, enzymes and DNA. The cristae bear numerous stalked particles called the oxysomes. Mitochondria provide site for cellular respiration resulting in the formation of energy. Hence they are termed as the power house or storage batteries or ATP mills.

These are cylindrical or filamentous structures found in all aerobic eukaryotic cells except the mature and old mammalian RBCs. Each mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound structure enclosing a dense fluid called matrix. The inner membrane is folded inwards to form cristae which increase the surface area. The matrix contains proteins, lipids, few ribosomes, enzymes and DNA. The cristae bear numerous stalked particles called the oxysomes. Mitochondria provide site for cellular respiration resulting in the formation of energy. Hence, they are termed as the power house of the cell.

These are cylindrical or filamentous structures found in all aerobic eukaryotic cells except the mature and old mammalian RBCs. Each mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound structure enclosing a dense fluid called matrix. The inner membrane is folded inwards to form cristae which increase the surface area. The matrix contains proteins, lipids, few ribosomes, enzymes and DNA. The cristae bear numerous stalked particles called the oxysomes. Mitochondria provide site for cellular respiration resulting in the formation of energy. Hence they are termed as the power house or storage batteries or ATP mills.

These are found only in plant cells and in certain protists (e.g. Euglena). They are of two main types - chromoplasts and leucoplasts. The chromoplasts contain coloured pigment and occur in the cells exposed to sunlight. The leucoplasts are colourless and occur in the cells which are not exposed to light. They act as storage organelles and are classified on the basis of the material stored in them. Amyloplasts store carbohydrates while the aleuroplasts store proteins. The fat-storing leucoplasts are termed as elaioplasts.

These are cylindrical or filamentous structures found in all aerobic eukaryotic cells except the mature and old mammalian RBCs. Each mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound structure enclosing a dense fluid called matrix. The inner membrane is folded inwards to form cristae which increase the surface area.  Mitochondria provide site for cellular respiration resulting in the formation of energy. Hence, they are termed as the power house or storage batteries or ATP mills. The respiratory pathways in the mitochondria (i.e. TCA cycle) provides substrates for the synthesis of important biomolecules such as chlorophyll, cytochromes and steroids.

These are found only in plant cells and in certain protists (e.g. Euglena). They are of two main types - chromoplasts and leucoplasts. The chromoplasts contain coloured pigment and occur in the cells exposed to sunlight. The leucoplasts are colourless and occur in the cells not exposed to light. They act as storage organelles and are classified on the basis of the material stored in them. Amyloplasts store carbohydrates while the aleuroplasts store proteins. The fat-storing leucoplasts are termed as elaioplasts.

These are found only in plant cells and in certain protists (e.g. Euglena). They are of two main types - chromoplasts and leucoplasts. The chromoplasts contain coloured pigment and occur in the cells exposed to sunlight. The leucoplasts are colourless and occur in the cells not exposed to light. The chromoplasts having light absorbing green pigment, the chlorophyll are called chloroplasts. The chloroplasts are found in the leaves of green plants and are the most common and biologically important of all the plastids.

These are found only in plant cells and in certain protists (e.g. Euglena). They are of two main types - chromoplasts and leucoplasts. The chromoplasts contain coloured pigment and occur in the cells exposed to sunlight. The leucoplasts are colourless and occur in the cells not exposed to light. They act as storage organelles and are classified on the basis of the material stored in them. Amyloplasts store carbohydrates while the aleuroplasts store proteins. The fat-storing leucoplasts are termed as elaioplasts.

All the above mentioned cell organelles contains DNA.

It is an ultra-microscopic network of interconnected membranous tubules present throughout the cytoplasm. It is present in almost all eukaryotic cells. It is formed of three types of elements; cisternae, tubules and vesicles. All the elements of endoplasmic reticulum freely communicate with each other and contain a fluid called endoplasmic matrix.

It is an ultra-microscopic network of interconnected membranous tubules present throughout the cytoplasm. It is present in almost all eukaryotic cells. 

These are found only in plant cells and in certain protists (e.g. Euglena). They are of two main types - chromoplasts and leucoplasts. The chromoplasts contain coloured pigment and occur in the cells exposed to sunlight. The leucoplasts are colourless and occur in the cells not exposed to light. They act as storage organelles and are classified on the basis of the material stored in them. Amyloplasts store carbohydrates while the aleuroplasts store proteins. The fat-storing leucoplasts are termed as elaioplasts.

.

The cytosolic proteins are cleaved to small peptides in the proteasome complex before they are transported by the TAP-1/2 molecules into the endoplasmic reticulum.

Sodium chloride is toxic to plant cell. This is the correct option.