Biology · Chemistry

Carbohydrates and Biomolecules

1,073 Questions

Carbohydrates and biomolecules questions test your understanding of sugars, monosaccharides, and metabolic substrates. The topic covers food transportation in plants and the biochemical properties of sweeteners. Practicing these questions builds a strong foundation for exam preparation.

Disaccharides and monosaccharidesArtificial sweetenersGlycogen storagePlant food transportGlycoprotein hormones

Carbohydrates and Biomolecules Questions

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Carbohydrates are made of

  1. Carbon

  2. Hydrogen

  3. Oxygen

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Carbohydrates are molecular compounds made from just three elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients. They are the most important source of energy for your body. Your digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells, tissues and organs. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Which of the following is oligosaccharide?

  1. Lactose

  2. Glycogen

  3. Glucose

  4. Ribose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oligosaccharides are formed by joining together 2-9 monosaccharides molecules. For example maltose, sucrose, lactose.

Lactose is called milk sugar. It is composed of one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule joined by 1 and 4 carbons. Thus option A is the correct answer.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Rhamnose is

  1. A simple carbohydrate which follows empirical formula

  2. A complex carbohydrate which follows empirical formula

  3. A simple carbohydrate which does not follows empirical formula

  4. A complex carbohydrate which does not follows empirical formula
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

All monosaccharides with six carbon atoms, resembling glucose, fructose, etc have an empirical formula of C$ _n$H$ _{2n}$O$ _n$. However, the molecular formula of Rhamnose is C$ _6$H$ _{12}$O$ _5$.

Hence, it does not follow the empirical formula
So, the correct answer isn't simple carbohydrate which does not follow empirical formula'

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Which of the following is known as reducing sugar?

  1. Monosaccharide

  2. Oligosaccharide

  3. Polysaccharide

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A reducing sugar has a free aldehyde group or a free ketone group so it can act as reducing agent.
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates. They cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller units. These sugars contain a free aldehyde or ketone group. The anomeric carbon of the reducing sugar has OH group. For example, glucose and fructose.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

If glucose is to be injected in human blood, the property to be matched with glucose is

  1. Density

  2. Viscosity

  3. Osmotic potential

  4. Sugar group
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When injecting substances into the blood, they must be isotonic to prevent damage to red blood cells. Osmotic potential is the property that determines the tonicity of the solution.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Low calorie sweetener substance used by the people of West Africa is

  1. Brazzein

  2. Glycine

  3. Serine

  4. Saponin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Low-calorie sweeteners used by the people of West Africa are brazzein, thaumatin, monellin, pentadin, miraculi etc. 
  • Brazzein is a stable proteinaceous substance made up of 54 amino acids. It is extracted from the fruit of Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon. 
  • It is found 2000 times sweeter than sucrose.
    Therefore, the correct option is A.
Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Pectin is

  1. Waste product

  2. Excretory product

  3. Phytolectin

  4. Secretory product
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pectin is mostly present in the cell wall of the plant and the concentration in the skin of fruits. It consists of esterified D-galacturonic acid resides in an alpha-(1-4) chain. It is a secretory product which leaves the cytoplasm and deposits on the cell wall of the plant. It combines with cellulose and lignin to provide structural support to the plant.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

A mucopolysaccharide that functions as cell cement and lubricant is

  1. Heparin

  2. Hyaluronic acid

  3. Keratan sulphate

  4. Chondroitin sulphate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a mucopolysaccharide. It is made up of glucuronic acid and acetylglucosamine. It found in the extracellular fluid of animal tissues, the vitreous humor of the eye, cerebrospinal fluid etc. The biological functions of HA include maintenance of the elastoviscosity of liquid connective tissues such as joint synovial and eye vitreous fluid. Its function in the body is, amongst other things, to bind water and to lubricate movable parts of the body, such as joints and muscles. It also occurs in cementing material between animal cells as well as inside cell coat. Thus, the correct option is B.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Which of these is a disaccharide?

  1. Sucrose

  2. Glucose

  3. Fructose

  4. Galactose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by the glycosidic linkage between glucose and fructose. The bond is formed between the between C$ _1$ on the glucosyl subunit and C$ _2$ on the fructose unit. It has no free aldehyde or keto group so they are known as non- reducing sugar. The anomeric carbon of glucose and fructose forms the glycosidic bonds.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Glycogen occurs in the form of

  1. Rounded grains

  2. Ellipsoid grains

  3. Elongated granules

  4. Flat ellipsoid granules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Glycogen is an animal starch. It is a polysaccharide food reserve in animal, bacteria, and fungi. It is stored mainly in liver and muscles. The granules of glycogen are ellipsoid flattened structures that lie freely inside the cell. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

A chemical where both D-galactose and L-galactose are present is

  1. Hyaluronic acid

  2. Agar-agar

  3. Lactose

  4. Raffinose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The question might be referring to specific complex polysaccharides; however, agar-agar is also a complex mixture. Given the options, Hyaluronic acid is the standard answer in many textbooks for this context.

Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

Which is true about heparin and hyaluronic acid?

  1. Both are mucopolysaccharides

  2. They are formed of glucuronic acid and glucosamine

  3. Heparin is anticoagulant while hyaluronic acid is lubricating

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Mucopolysaccharides are the chain of sugar which is mainly found in the mucus and fluids present in the joints.
Heparin is an anticoagulant as they prevent the clotting of the blood. It inactivates the thrombin in the clotting process. It is produced by the produced by basophils and mast cells. It is synthesized in the liver and circulates in plasma. It is a glycosaminoglycan.
Hyaluronic acid acts as a cushion and lubricant in the joints and other tissues. It also helps in the capacitation of the sperms. It is also found in the fluid of eyes and joints. 
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice biology food and it's constituents energy giving food carbohydrate and its test biological molecules

The most common monomer of carbohydrates is a molecule of

  1. Glucose

  2. Maltose

  3. Amino acid

  4. Phospholipid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Glucose is the simplest 6 carbon molecule that is the most common monomer of carbohydrates. It is the most abundant monosaccharide with the molecular formula C$ _6$H$ _1$$ _2$O$ _6$. It is mostly made by plants and green algae during photosynthesis.

Maltose is a disaccharide made of two molecules of glucose units.
An amino acid is the monomer of the proteins or polypeptide chains.
Phospholipids are mainly present in the cell membrane of animals that are made of phosphate and lipid molecules.
So, the correct option is 'Glucose'.