Carbohydrates and Biomolecules

Excess glucose is stored as starch or glycogen. Starch is storage polysaccharide in plants. Glycogen is storage polysaccharide in animals. In animals, including humans, glycogen is stored in two locations: muscles and liver.

Answer is option A i.e. "Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose"
Poysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers (e.g. starch, cellulose, or glycogen) which are made up of more than 10 sub-units of monosaccharide molecules join together.
Starch, glycogen and cellulose are polysaccharides of glucose. Maltose, sucrose and lactose are disaccharides, while, fructose and galactose are monosaccharides.

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the foods provide energy for the body functions and physical activities. They, however, do not have same energy content. The following is the energy-content by respective nutrients:
1 gram of carbohydrates- 4 kcal
1 gram of protein- 4 kcal
1 gram of fats- 9 kcal
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Carbohydrates are molecular compounds made from just three elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients. They are the most important source of energy for your body. Your digestive system changes carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar). Your body uses this sugar for energy for your cells, tissues and organs. 

Oligosaccharides are formed by joining together 2-9 monosaccharides molecules. For example maltose, sucrose, lactose.

All monosaccharides with six carbon atoms, resembling glucose, fructose, etc have an empirical formula of C$ _n$H$ _{2n}$O$ _n$. However, the molecular formula of Rhamnose is C$ _6$H$ _{12}$O$ _5$.

Glucose is a hexose sugar made up of six carbon atoms. Its general formula is $\displaystyle Cn{ H } _{ 2 }nOn$. It is utilized for energy production.

Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate, in fact, the most abundant organic compound in nature. It is the main structural polysaccharide of the plants. Thus option B is the correct answer.

When injecting substances into the blood, they must be isotonic to prevent damage to red blood cells. Osmotic potential is the property that determines the tonicity of the solution.

• Low-calorie sweeteners used by the people of West Africa are brazzein, thaumatin, monellin, pentadin, miraculi etc. 
• Brazzein is a stable proteinaceous substance made up of 54 amino acids. It is extracted from the fruit of Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon. 
• It is found 2000 times sweeter than sucrose.
  Therefore, the correct option is A.

Pectin is mostly present in the cell wall of the plant and the concentration in the skin of fruits. It consists of esterified D-galacturonic acid resides in an alpha-(1-4) chain. It is a secretory product which leaves the cytoplasm and deposits on the cell wall of the plant. It combines with cellulose and lignin to provide structural support to the plant.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a mucopolysaccharide. It is made up of glucuronic acid and acetylglucosamine. It found in the extracellular fluid of animal tissues, the vitreous humor of the eye, cerebrospinal fluid etc. The biological functions of HA include maintenance of the elastoviscosity of liquid connective tissues such as joint synovial and eye vitreous fluid. Its function in the body is, amongst other things, to bind water and to lubricate movable parts of the body, such as joints and muscles. It also occurs in cementing material between animal cells as well as inside cell coat. Thus, the correct option is B.