Botany and Plant Science

 The correct option is 4.

 Option 2 is not a correct statement.

  Asteraceae families has syngenesious anthers and inferior ovary.

 The correct option is 2.

 By the presence of Tetradynamous stamens and replum the family Brassicaceae can be immediately identified.

 The family Onagraceae is marked out by oenothera type of embryo sac. It is a monosporic embryo sac.

Cucurbits (cucumber, pumpkin, gourd) are monoecious with separate male and female flowers on the same plant. Mango flowers are polygamous-containing both functional stamens and pistils along with sterile forms-classified as having neuter, male and female flowers occurring together in inflorescences.

Xenogamy is the correct term for pollination between two different plants (cross-pollination). Geitonogamy is pollination between different flowers on the same plant. Cleistogamy refers to self-pollination without opening flowers. Dichogamy is the temporal separation of male and female reproductive phases in hermaphroditic flowers. The question asks about pollination between flowers on DIFFERENT plants, which matches xenogamy exactly.

Sorosis is a type of multiple fruit that develops from a complete inflorescence (spike or spadix). Examples include pineapple, mulberry, and jackfruit. Option A correctly states that sorosis develops from a spike or spadix. Options B, C, and D describe other fruit types: B refers to berries, C refers to arillus (like pomegranate), and D refers to pome fruits (like apple).

Pollen grain walls have two layers: the outer exine (made of sporopollenin, highly resistant) and the inner intine (made of cellulose and pectin, similar to primary plant cell walls). The intine is the cellulose-rich inner layer. Callose is typically involved in pollen tube growth but is not the intine component. Chitin is found in fungal cell walls, not pollen. Sporopollenin makes up the exine, not the intine.

The question asks which is NOT a common feature of gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) systems. In GSI, pollen is typically 2-celled (not 3-celled) at release. In vitro germination of GSI pollen is notoriously difficult due to complex recognition mechanisms requiring stylar factors. The pistil is typically dry (not wet) in GSI systems. The rejection reaction often occurs in the style, which IS a common feature. Thus, option D 'In vitro germination of pollen is easy' is NOT a common feature and is the correct answer.

Perisperm is the persistent nucellar tissue that remains in the fertilized ovule. In some seeds like pepper, the nucellus remains as starchy nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo. Endothecium is a layer of anther wall, perithecium is a type of fungal fruiting body, and epistase is not a valid botanical term.

Storage proteins in endosperm are mainly prolamins and glutelins (in cereals). Globulins and albumins are storage proteins found in the embryo, not the endosperm. The other pairs are correctly matched: primary endosperm forms from double fertilization, helobial type has cell wall formation after nuclear divisions, and endosperm cell walls contain mannans and xyloglucans.

During pollen maturation and pollination preparation, pollen grains naturally become partially dehydrated, which helps them survive environmental stress. Antipodal cells are ephemeral structures that degenerate after fertilization (or even before it in some species). Both statements are correct.

In pear (pome fruit), the fruit develops from an inferior ovary where the floral tube (hypanthium) surrounds the ovary. The edible inner part is the true fruit (from ovary), while the outer flesh is accessory tissue (from hypanthium). Both statements are individually true but the reason (inferior ovary) does not fully explain the tissue classification.