Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

A. The waxy substance associated with the wall of cork cells is suberin. B. Abnormal secondary growth is observed in Withania. C. Intercalary meristem results in secondary growth.

  1. Only A

  2. Only B

  3. Only C

  4. A and B

  5. B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

A. Suberin is a waxy substance found in higher plants. Suberin is a main constituent of cork and is named after the cork oak, quercus suber. B. Abnormal secondary growth does not follow the pattern of a single vascular cambium of a thick hair clit, producing xylem to the inside and phloem to the outside. Some dicots have anomalous secondary growth, e.g. bougainvillea and dracaena. Withania shows normal secondary growth. C. In angiosperms, intercalary meristems occur only in monocots (in particular, grass) stems at the base of nodes and leaf blades and respond to primary growth of stem and root. Hence, B and C are false.

Multiple choice

Identify the incorrectly matched pair.

  1. Heplostele : Plate-like regions of xylem appear in transverse section surrounded by phloem tissue

  2. Actinostele : A variation of the protostele in which the core is lobed

  3. Solenostele : Cylinder of vascular tissue contains no more than one leaf gap in any transverse section

  4. Eustele : Primary vascular tissue that consists of vascular bundles in one or two rings around the pith

  5. Plectostele : A protostele in which plate-like regions of xylem appear in transverse section surrounded by phloem tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Haplostele consists of a cylindrical core of xylem surrounded by a ring of phloem. An endodermis generally surrounds the stele. A centrarch (protoxylem in the center of a metaxylem cylinder) haplostele is prevalent in members of the rhyniophyte grade, such as rhynia.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is not correct?

  1. In dicot roots, vascular bundles are radial.

  2. In monocotyledons, root cambium is absent.

  3. Cortex and pith are not distinct in monocot stem.

  4. Scattered vascular bundles are characteristic features of dicot stem.

  5. Phellogen is a lateral meristem.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. In dicot stem, vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and open. Scattered vascular bundles are a characteristic feature of monocot stem.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): Monocotyledonous plants have no secondary growth. Reason (R): Secondary growth takes place by the activity of cambium and cork cambium.

Select the correct option regarding the statements given above.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. Monocotyledonous plants have no secondary growth because secondary growth takes place by the activity of cambium and cork cambium.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): According to apical cell theory, apical meristem is made up of a single cell called apical cell whose activity leads to the formation of the entire body of plant. Reason (R): The apical cells situated at root tip and shoot tip are responsible for growth of root and stem.

Choose the correct option regarding the statements given above.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. Apical meristem is an undifferentiated tissue at the tip (apex) of shoots and roots formed of meristematic cells and is responsible for growth of root and stem.

Multiple choice

When short day plant (SD) and long day plant (LD) both are preserved under friendly condition for flowering and are exposed to short flash of red light in mid of dark period then

  1. SD plant will flower and LD plant will remain productive.

  2. SD plant will remain productive and LD plant will flower.

  3. Both SD and LD plants will flower.

  4. Both SD and LD plants will remain productive.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

SD plant will remain productive and LD plant will flower. Short day plants produce flowers only when the length of day is less than 12 hours long day plants bloom when they get light more than 12 hours. 

Multiple choice

Which of the following tissues acquires a specific role and loses the ability of cell division?

  1. Meristematic tissue

  2. Permanent tissue

  3. Cambium

  4. Vascular cambium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The tissue which is composed of mature and differentiated cells that have already undergone definite growth and have assumed definite size, shape and function is known as permanent tissue. Permanent tissue acquires a specific role and loses the ability of cell division.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the correct set of components of xylem tissue?

  1. Xylem fibres, sieve cells, sclerenchyma cells and tracheids

  2. Vessels, tracheids, xylem parenchyma and fibres

  3. Collenchyma cells, fibres, companion cells and vessels

  4. Tracheids, xylem collenchyma, xylem parenchyma and meristem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Xylem tissue consists of vessels, tracheids, xylem parenchyma and fibres.