Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany pollination and fertilization types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Maturation of stigma and anthers at different times in the same flower is

  1. Heterostyly

  2. Dichogamy

  3. Dicliny

  4. Herkogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Heterostyly- It is the occurrence of 2-3 types of flowers within the same plant and such flowers have the difference in length of styles and stamens.

Dichogamy- It is the condition when the anther and stigma mature at different times. Either anthers dehisce before the stigma becomes receptive (called protandry) or stigma becomes receptive before anthers dehisce (called protogyny).
Dicliny- It is the presence of only one kind of reproductive whorl in a flower. It is also called unisexuality.
Herkogamy- It is the condition in which the flower structure is such that even being bisexual, the pollen grains fail to reach the stigma. In some flowers, a mechanical barrier exists between the compatible pollen and stigma so that self pollination is not possible. Sometimes, there is a hood like covering that covers the stigma.
So, the correct answer is B.

Multiple choice botany pollination and fertilization types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Dichogamy is

  1. Placement of anthers and stigmas at different levels

  2. Inability of the pollen to germinate on the stigma of the same flower

  3. Occurrence of barrier between anther and stigma of the same flower

  4. Maturation of anthers and stigmas at different times
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dichogamy- It is the condition when the anther and stigma mature at different times. Either anthers dehisce before the stigma becomes receptive (called protandry) or stigma becomes receptive before anthers dehisce (called protogyny).

While placement of anthers and stigma at different levels is called Heterostyly, inability of pollen to germinate on the stigma of the flower is called self-incompatibility and the occurrence of a barrier between anther and stigma of the same flower is called Herkogamy.
So, the correct answer is D.

Multiple choice botany pollination and fertilization types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

The features where stamens and stigma mature at different times favouring cross pollination is known as?

  1. Dichogamy

  2. Herkogamy

  3. Autogamy

  4. Cleistogay
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Herkogamy is shown by hermaphroditic angiosperms to reduce sexual interference between anthers and female stigma function. Autogamy, or self-fertilization, refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual. cleistogamy is self-fertilization that occurs within a permanently closed flower. Dichogamy means when stamens and stigma mature at different times favouring cross-pollination. 


So, 'the correct option is 'Dichogamy'

Multiple choice botany pollination and fertilization types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

Cross-pollination is favoured by

  1. Self-sterility

  2. Dichogamy

  3. Herkogamy and heterostyly

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cross-pollination is when one plant pollinates a plant of another variety. The two plants' genetic material combines and the resulting seeds from that pollination will have characteristics of both varieties and is a new variety. Self-sterility in plants is enhanced to prevent self-fertilization and increase family diversification. Dichogamy is the ripening of the stamens and pistils of a flower at different times so that self-fertilization is prevented. Herkogamy is a common strategy employed by hermaphroditic angiosperms to reduce sexual interference between male (anthers) and female (stigma) function. Heterostyly is a unique form of polymorphism and herkogamy in flowers. In a heterostylous species, two or three morphological types of flowers, exist in the population. All these prevent self-pollination and favour cross-pollination.

So, the correct option is, 'all of these'.

Multiple choice botany pollination and fertilization types of pollination cross pollination pollination and its types

The phenomenon of maturation of anthers earlier than the stigma of the same flower is

  1. Dicliny

  2. Protandry

  3. Herkogamy

  4. Heterostyly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Heterostyly is the occurrence of 2-3 types of flowers within the same plant. Such flowers have a difference in length of styles and stamens.

Protandry is the condition when anthers mature before the stigma becomes receptive is called protandry. So, the condition in which the male reproductive organs of a flower mature before the female ones, and hence ensuring that self-fertilization does not occur.

Dicliny is the presence of only one kind of reproductive whorl in a flower.

Herkogamy is the condition in which the flower structure is such that even being bisexual. In some flowers, a mechanical barrier exists and thus self-pollination is not possible. Sometimes, there is a hood for covering the stigma.

So, the correct answer is B.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

One of the following is the typical floral formula of Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

  1. $K _{2+2}C _4A _{2+4}\underline{G} _{(2)}$
  2. $K _4C _{2+2}A _{3+3}\overline{G} _{(2)}$
  3. $K _{2+2}C _{2+2}A _6\underline{G} _{(1)}$
  4. $K _4C _4A _6\underline{G} _{(2)}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Brassicaceae family has flower with 4 sepals in two whorls with imbricate aestivation, 4 petals in valvate aestivation, 6 stamens in two whorls in tetradynamous condition (4 stamens longer than other two), bicarpellary ovary with false septation showing two locules. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

A diagnostic feature for identification of pea (Fabaceae) flower is

  1. Tetradynamous stamens

  2. Inferior ovary

  3. Cruciform corolla

  4. Vexillary aestivation in petals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Fabaceae is a family that was earlier called Papilionoideae and a subfamily Leguminosae. In this type of flower five petals called polypetalous, aestivation descending imbricate or vexillary. In vexillary aestivation, there are five petals. The largest petal (called standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (called wings) which further overlap the two smallest anterior petals (called keel).
So, the correct answer is 'Vexillary aestivation in petals'.
Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Read the following four statements (A - D):
(A) Zygomorphic flowers are found in Fabaceae family.
(B) Monoadelphous stamens are found in Fabaceae family.
(C) Papilionaceous corolla is found in Fabaceae family.
(D) Inferior ovary is found in Fabaceae family.
How many of the above statements are wrong?

  1. Four

  2. One

  3. Two

  4. Three
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • In Fabaceae, the stamens are united into two bundles. Hence they are diadelphous. Hence statement (B) is wrong because diadelphous stamens are found in the Fabaceae family.
  • In Fabaceae, Hypogynous flowers are seen i.e the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other parts are situated below it. The ovary in such flowers is said to be superior. Hence statement (D) is wrong because Superior ovary is found in the Fabaceae family.
  • Hence from the given 4 statements, two are wrong statements i.e statement (B) and (D).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Two'.
Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Given below are the names of plants: 
Indigofera, Sesbania, Lupinus, Glycyrhiza ,Glycine max ,Crotolaria 
how many of these plant possess diadelphous stamens:

  1. Six

  2. Four

  3. Three

  4. Two
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 Stamens are the male reproductive part of a flower, it consists of anther and filament. They are of two types:

  1. Monadelphous stamens are stamens that are present in one group, all the filaments are attached tother.
  2. Diadelphous stamens are stamens that are present in two bundles and filaments are attached together.
Many members of the family Fabaceae commonly have diadelphous stamens. E.g.; Indigofera, Sesbania, Lupinus, Glycyrrhiza, Glycine max, Crotolaria  have diadelphous stamens, present in the form of two bundles. The total number of stamens is 10 so one group has 1 stamen while another group has 9 stamens.
So, the correct option is 'Six'

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Ochreate stipules occur in the family

  1. Cruciferae

  2. Solanaceae

  3. Compositae

  4. Polygonaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ochreate stipules occur in the family Polygonaceae. The lateral appendages present at the leaf base are called as stipules. Stipules show wide range of structural diversity. Ochreate stipules form when the two stipule are fused to form a tube like structure. Main function of stipules is to protect the leaf in the bud. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Which of the following are not characteristic features of fabaceae?

  1. The root system, compound leaves and raceme inflorescence

  2. Flowers actinomorphic, twisted aestivation and gamopetalous

  3. Stamens 10, introrse, basifixed, dithecous

  4. Monocarpellary, ovary superior and bent stigma

  5. Fruit is legume
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Twisted aestivation is found in Malvaceae family. The characteristics of this family include, hypogynous, pentamerous flowers, presence of epicalyx, twisted aestivation of petals, basal part of the petals united with the basal part of the staminal tube, stamens are monadelphous and axile placentation. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of Fabaceae __________________.

  1. Descendingly. imbricate, ten stamens, diadelphous,

    ovary superior

  2. Sepals five , gamoseepalous, imbricate aestivation ,

    placentation marginal

  3. Monocarpellary, ovary superior, style long, slightly bent

    at the apex

  4. Zygomorphic flowers, diadelphous stamens, many

    ovules

  5. Corolla five petals, polypetalous, anterior one large and

    outermost
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Fabaceae is famous as Leguminosae or bean and pea family. This single monophyletic family possess three sub-families such as Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae, Caesalpinioideae.

While the family is known by the presence of five sepals, zygomorphic flower, gamosepalous. It has imbricate aestivation. The placentation is marginal with one elongated placenta on one side of the ovary (superior). Its ovules attached at the fusion of the carpel's margins and not axile (where the ovary is divided by radial spokes with placentas in separate locules).

Therefore, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

What is true of androecium of fabaceae?

  1. Ten free

  2. 10 monoadelphous

  3. 10 diadelphous

  4. 10 polyadelphous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The androecium is the male part of an angiospermic flower which is composed of two or more stamens. They are called essential organs because the androecium is involved in reproduction. In Fabaceae, the stamens are 10,  diadelphous and anthers are dithecous. Diadelphous stamens are those which are united by their filaments so as to form two groups.

So, the correct answer is '10 diadelphous'.