Botany and Plant Science

The gynoecium is the female reproductive organs of a flower which is composed of a group of pistils. In Fabaceae, the ovary is superior, monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules, style is single. Hence, the gynoecium of Fabaceae is monocarpellary.

Root nodules are present on the roots of plants (primarily Fabaceae) which is associated with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. Nodulated roots are characteristic of Fabaceae. The Fabaceae include legume crops such as peas and beans.

Marginal placentation is a feature of the family Leguminosae or Fabaceae. The flowers show monocarpellary apocarpous gynoecium with the placenta being developed on the ridge along the ventral suture and the ovules are borne on this ridge. This type of placentation is called marginal placentation.

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea and bean family are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, perennial or annual herbaceous plants, shrubs which can be easily recognised by their fruit (legume) and their compound leaves. Stamens are 10, diadelphous (united by filaments into two groups i.e.,(9)+1. Posterior stamen is free and nine are fused at the filaments

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea and bean family is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs and annual or perennial herbaceous plants which can be easily recognised by their fruit and compound leaves. In Fabaceae, the stamens are 10, diadelphous (stamens are united by their filaments to form two groups i.e.,(9)+1 ). Posterior stamen is free and filaments of nine are fused to form a sheath around the ovary

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants containing papilionaceous corolla. In Fabaceae, the petals are 5 - the outermost posterior petal (vexillum or standard) is the largest petal and it encloses all the essential organs, two lateral petals (wings or alae) and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure known as the keel or carina.

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae, commonly known as a legume, pea and bean family is an economically important family of flowering plants. In Fabaceae, the flowers are medianly zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry), bisexual. Ascending imbricate aestivation (posterior petal overlaps) is seen. Petals are five, polypetalous (flowers having distinct or separate petals).

Pisum commonly known as a pea is a genus of flowering plant belonging to family Fabaceae. In Fabaceae, the flowers are zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry), bisexual. The petals 5, polypetalous, the posterior outermost petal is large (the vexillum or standard), two lateral petals (the wings or alae) and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure (the keel or carina), descending imbricate or vexillary aestivation. Stamens are 10, diadelphous (stamens united by their filaments so as to form two groups). Placentation is marginal (placenta forms a rigid along ventral side and ovules are arranged in two vertical rows). So, the correct answer is 'Pisum'.

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. Vexillary aestivation is seen in members of Fabaceae. In vexillary aestivation, the outermost posterior petal is large which is known as the vexillum or standard, two lateral petals are known as the wings or alae, and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure known as the keel or carina. Hence, vexillum is found in Papilionaceae.

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, annual or perennial herbaceous plants and shrubs. In Papilionaceae, the petals are 5 - outermost posterior petal is large which is known as the vexillum or standard, two lateral petals are known as the wings or alae, and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure known as the keel or carina. Hence, the correct arrangement of the corolla is 1+2+(2).

The lens (strophiole) is a specialized structure found in Fabaceae (legume) seeds, appearing as a lens-shaped thickening near the hilum. It plays a crucial role in water absorption during germination. This characteristic is specific to legumes and is not found in Asteraceae, Malvaceae, or Solanaceae seeds. Note that 'Solanaeae' is a typo for 'Solanaceae'.

Characteristic features of the family Fabaceae are -
1. Leaves are usually alternate and compound.
2. The flowers are zygomorphic and in general, have five fused sepals.
3. The petals are also five free.
4. The presence of having a short usually cup-shaped hypanthium.
5. Stamens ten in number, superior ovary and curved style.
6. Placentation marginal.
Flowers of Fabaceae do not show actinomorphic nature, twisted aestivation and gamopetaly. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Fabaceae is known as Leguminosae or bean and pea family. This single monophyletic family has three sub-families such as Mimosoideae, Caesalpinioideae and Papilionoideae.
While the family is characterized by presence of five sepals, zygomorphic flower, gamesepelous and has an imbricate aestivation, the placentation is marginal with one elongated placenta on one side of the ovary (superior) and ovules attached at the fusion of the carpel's margins and not axile ( where the ovary is sectioned by radial spokes with placentas in separate locules).
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Papilionaceous corolla is characterised with butterfly-shape because the petals are of different sizes and they show descending pattern of imbrication. The largest posterior petal is called vexillum and it overlaps the lateral petals called wings. The wings overlap the innermost fused petals called keel or carina. It is a characteristic of the family Fabaceae.

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea and bean family are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, herbs, shrubs and rarely woody climbers. Leaves are usually pinnately compound with a pulvinate base, flowers are zygomorphic, Corolla is papilionaceous, posterior petal innermost, sepals free, odd sepal is anterior. Hence, odd sepal is characteristic in family Fabaceae.