Botany and Plant Science

Corolla is the second axillary whorl composed of petals. Like calyx, corolla also protects essential stamens and carpels within. Papilionaceous corolla has five free petals resembling a butterfly. The posterior superior petal is larger than the others (vexillum or standard), two anterior inferior petals which are usually more or less united forming a boat-shaped structure (carina or keel), two lateral petals called wings which overlap the carina and are themselves overlapped with the vexillum. This is a characteristic of subfamily Papilionaceae (eg: pea flower) belonging to family Fabaceae.

Heliotropism is a growth movement or bending of stem in the direction of the light. It is also called as solar tracking. Photoperiodism is the phenomenon in which various physiological reactions like flowering response to the relative length of dark or light periods. Photonasty is nastic movement of plant towards sunlight. Hydrotropism is a growth movement of plant part in response to water.

Heliotropism- The growth of plants or plants parts esp flowers in response to the stimulus or sunlight, so that they turn to face the sun. It enhances the photosynthesis process and increases growth rates.

Fertilization occurs when one of the sperm cells fuses with the egg inside of an ovule. After fertilization occurs, each ovule develops into a seed. Each seed contains a tiny, undeveloped plant called an embryo. The ovary surrounding the ovules develops into a fruit that contains one or more seeds.

The haploid sperm and haploid egg combine to form a diploid zygote, while the other sperm and the two haploid polar nuclei of the large central cell of the megagametophyte form a triploid nucleus. It will later develop into the endosperm, nutrient tissue which provides nourishment to the developing embryo.

The pistil, which contains the ovary, develops into a fruit after fertilization.

A simple fruit develops from a single ovary and contains one or more seeds, such as an apple or a cherry.

An aggregate fruit develops from multiple ovaries of a single flower, resulting in a cluster of small fruits, such as a raspberry or a blackberry.

A multiple fruit develops from multiple ovaries of different flowers, resulting in a single fruit with multiple seeds, such as a pineapple or a fig.

An accessory fruit develops from the fusion of an ovary with other floral parts, such as the receptacle or the calyx, resulting in a fruit with a unique structure, such as an apple or a strawberry.

Pollination is the process of transferring pollen from the male anther to the female stigma of a flower, which is necessary for fertilization and fruit production.

The strawberry is often used to represent love and romance, as in the phrase "strawberries and cream".

Meristematic tissues are responsible for plant growth and development. Apical meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots, lateral meristems are located along the sides of stems and roots, and intercalary meristems are located at the bases of leaves and internodes.

Vascular tissues are responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant. Xylem transports water from the roots to the leaves, and phloem transports nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Plant organs are structures that perform specific functions for the plant. Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil, stems transport water and nutrients throughout the plant, and leaves photosynthesize and produce food for the plant.