Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology inherited changes linkage and crossing over linkage and recombination genetics: inheritance

The vascular cambium of a stem does not produce _____.

  1. Cork

  2. Wood

  3. secondary phloem

  4. secondary xylem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cork is produced by cork cambium which is a lateral meristem responsible for secondary growth that replaces epidermis of root and stems. The vascular cambium of a stem is responsible for the formation of secondary phloem and secondary xylem while wood is mainly composed of secondary xylem element it is also a derivative of vascular cambium.

So, the correct option is 'Cork'.

Multiple choice botany living organisms and their surroundings aquatic plant adaptations pollination through water extreme adaptations

Reduction in vascular tissue, mechanical tissue and cuticle is characteristic of :-

  1. Hydrophytes

  2. Xerophytes

  3. Mesophytes

  4. Epiphytes.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option A i.e. "Hydrophytes"
Hydrophytes are aquatic plants that live in aquatic environments either completely or partially submerged in water. As an adaptation, their vascular tissue and mechanical tissue are reduced. The cuticle is either completely absent or it is reduced, thin and poorly developed.
On contrary, xerophytes have heavy cuticle, vascular tissue and mechanical tissue. Mesophytes have moderate vascular tissue, mechanical tissue and cuticle and epiphytes are lower plants or mosses that live in marine environment, they are non-vascular.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

In which on of the following would you expect to find glyoxysomes?

  1. Endosperm of wheat

  2. Endosperm of castor

  3. Palisade cells in leaf

  4. Root hairs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Glyoxysomes are microbodies which occur only in fat rich plant cells where they take part in $\beta$-oxidation of fats and perform glyoxylate cycle. Glyoxysomes characteristically possess catalase enzyme. The castor endosperm stores fat which is metabolised through glyoxysomes. Glyoxysomes will channel fats into krebs cycle through $\beta$-oxidation.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

In which of the following would you expect to find glyoxysomes?

  1. Endosperm of wheat

  2. Endosperm of castor

  3. Palisade cell in leaf

  4. Root hairs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The endosperm of castor (castor bean is oil producing plant)  contains glyoxysomes.
  • Glyoxysomes are a type of peroxisomes found in plants and few filamentous fungi.
  • They are particularly found in fat storage tissues of germinating seeds (peanuts, soybeans etc.) in plants.
  • They contain enzymes (citrate synthase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase etc.) which are responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids,
  • It helps in fatty acid oxidation, glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Endosperm of castor'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry structure and function of cell organelles microbodies living organisms and energy production single membrane bound organelles

Which of the following statements regarding sphaerosomes is not correct?

  1. Abundant in the endosperm cells of oil seeds

  2. Bounded by a single membrane

  3. Take part in synthesis and storage of lipids

  4. Take part in photorespiration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sphaerosomes are small cell organelles bounded by single membrane which take part in storage and synthesis of lipids. Sphaerosomes occur abundantly in the endosperm cells of oil seeds. Sphaerosomes of some tissues (e.g., tobacco endosperm, maize root tip) contain hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, they are considered to have lysosomic activity. They donot take part in photorespiration.
So, the correct answer is 'Take part in photorespiration'.

Multiple choice

What are the male parts of a flower called?

  1. Stamens

  2. Carpels

  3. Pollen

  4. Stigma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament. The carpel (or pistil) is the female reproductive part.

Multiple choice botany photosynthesis cam cycle cam plants photosynthetic cycle

Which one is feature of Kranz anatomy

  1. Well developed chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells

  2. Rudimentary chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells

  3. Chloroplasts in epidermal cells

  4. Chloroplasts in vascular tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kranz anatomy is found in leaves of $C _{4}$ plants. The $C _{4}$ pathway requires the presence of two types of cells i.e. mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. The particularly large cells around the vascular bundles of $C _{4}$ plants are called bundle sheath cells, these cells may form several layers around the vascular bundles, they are characterized by having a large number of well-developed chloroplasts, grana are absent, thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange and no extracellular spaces. This special anatomy of leaves of the $C _{4}$ plants is called Kranz anatomy. 'Kranz' means wreath and is a reflection of the arrangement of cells.

Multiple choice botany photosynthesis cam cycle cam plants photosynthetic cycle

Kranz anatomy occurs in

  1. Leaves

  2. Stem

  3. Flower

  4. Seed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kranz anatomy is found in leaves of $C _{4}$ plants. The $C _{4}$ pathway requires the presence of two types of cells i.e., mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. The particularly large cells around the vascular bundles of $C _{4}$ plants are called bundle sheath cells, these cells may form several layers around the vascular bundles, they are characterized by having a large number of chloroplasts, grana are absent, thick walls impervious to gaseous exchange and no extracellular spaces. This special anatomy of leaves of the $C _{4}$ plants is called Kranz anatomy. 'Kranz' means wreath and is a reflection of the arrangement of cells.

Multiple choice botany photosynthesis cam cycle cam plants photosynthetic cycle

Succulents perform

  1. $C _4$ cycle

  2. CAM
  3. $C _3$ cycle

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

CAM plants are usually the succulents (eg : cacti, agave) as they are efficient at storing water due to the climates they live in i.e., dry and arid. The leaves of succulent plants are thick, contains moisture and have a coat of wax to reduce evaporation. During the day, the plants close their stoma to prevent the loss of water and open it at night to absorb the carbon dioxide from the surrounding atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is later converted into malate, which is used in the process of photosynthesis (via the calvin cycle) when the daylight returns.

So the correct option is 'CAM'  

Multiple choice botany photosynthesis cam cycle cam plants photosynthetic cycle

Kranz anatomy can be observed in leaves of  ______________.

  1. Sorghum

  2. Spinach

  3. Mustard

  4. Tulip
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Kranz anatomy is a special structure of leaves in C4 PLANTS e.g. maize, sugarcane, sorghum, and millets.
  • Mustard and Spinach belongs to C3 plants.
  • Tulip is an example of a CAM plant. 

So, the correct answer is option A, Sorghum

Multiple choice botany photosynthesis cam cycle cam plants photosynthetic cycle

Sunken stomata are usually found in

  1. Phanerogams
  2. $C _3$ plants

  3. CAM plants

  4. Insectivorous plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A) Phanerogams are seed bearing plants like Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. They have prominent stomata.

B) ${ C } _{ 3 }$ plants have bean shaped stomata present on their surface.
C) CAM plants have sunken stomata to reduce the loss of water through transpiration.
D) Insectivorous plants do not have stomata.
So the correct answer is 'CAM plants'.

Multiple choice botany photosynthesis cam cycle cam plants photosynthetic cycle

Kranz type of anatomy is found in 

  1. $C _{3}$ plants
  2. $C _{2}$ plants
  3. $C _{4}$ plants

  4. CAM plant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • $C _4$ photosynthesis incorporates novel leaf anatomy, metabolic specializations, and modified gene expression.
  • Plants that utilize this pathway typically possess a distinctive Kranz leaf anatomy, consisting of two photosynthetic cell types.
  • Their vascular bundles are surrounded by two rings of cells; the inner ring, called bundle sheath cells, contains starch-rich chloroplasts lacking grana, which differ from those in mesophyll cells present as the outer ring.
  • This structural framework allows for the compartmentalization and functional separation of two sets of carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions.
    Hence, the correct answer is C.