Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Read the following four statements (A - D):
(A) Zygomorphic flowers are found in Fabaceae family.
(B) Monoadelphous stamens are found in Fabaceae family.
(C) Papilionaceous corolla is found in Fabaceae family.
(D) Inferior ovary is found in Fabaceae family.
How many of the above statements are wrong?

  1. Four

  2. One

  3. Two

  4. Three
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • In Fabaceae, the stamens are united into two bundles. Hence they are diadelphous. Hence statement (B) is wrong because diadelphous stamens are found in the Fabaceae family.
  • In Fabaceae, Hypogynous flowers are seen i.e the gynoecium occupies the highest position while the other parts are situated below it. The ovary in such flowers is said to be superior. Hence statement (D) is wrong because Superior ovary is found in the Fabaceae family.
  • Hence from the given 4 statements, two are wrong statements i.e statement (B) and (D).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Two'.
Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Given below are the names of plants: 
Indigofera, Sesbania, Lupinus, Glycyrhiza ,Glycine max ,Crotolaria 
how many of these plant possess diadelphous stamens:

  1. Six

  2. Four

  3. Three

  4. Two
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

 Stamens are the male reproductive part of a flower, it consists of anther and filament. They are of two types:

  1. Monadelphous stamens are stamens that are present in one group, all the filaments are attached tother.
  2. Diadelphous stamens are stamens that are present in two bundles and filaments are attached together.
Many members of the family Fabaceae commonly have diadelphous stamens. E.g.; Indigofera, Sesbania, Lupinus, Glycyrrhiza, Glycine max, Crotolaria  have diadelphous stamens, present in the form of two bundles. The total number of stamens is 10 so one group has 1 stamen while another group has 9 stamens.
So, the correct option is 'Six'

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Ochreate stipules occur in the family

  1. Cruciferae

  2. Solanaceae

  3. Compositae

  4. Polygonaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ochreate stipules occur in the family Polygonaceae. The lateral appendages present at the leaf base are called as stipules. Stipules show wide range of structural diversity. Ochreate stipules form when the two stipule are fused to form a tube like structure. Main function of stipules is to protect the leaf in the bud. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Which of the following are not characteristic features of fabaceae?

  1. The root system, compound leaves and raceme inflorescence

  2. Flowers actinomorphic, twisted aestivation and gamopetalous

  3. Stamens 10, introrse, basifixed, dithecous

  4. Monocarpellary, ovary superior and bent stigma

  5. Fruit is legume
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Twisted aestivation is found in Malvaceae family. The characteristics of this family include, hypogynous, pentamerous flowers, presence of epicalyx, twisted aestivation of petals, basal part of the petals united with the basal part of the staminal tube, stamens are monadelphous and axile placentation. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Which of the following is not a characteristic feature of Fabaceae __________________.

  1. Descendingly. imbricate, ten stamens, diadelphous,

    ovary superior

  2. Sepals five , gamoseepalous, imbricate aestivation ,

    placentation marginal

  3. Monocarpellary, ovary superior, style long, slightly bent

    at the apex

  4. Zygomorphic flowers, diadelphous stamens, many

    ovules

  5. Corolla five petals, polypetalous, anterior one large and

    outermost
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Fabaceae is famous as Leguminosae or bean and pea family. This single monophyletic family possess three sub-families such as Mimosoideae, Papilionoideae, Caesalpinioideae.

While the family is known by the presence of five sepals, zygomorphic flower, gamosepalous. It has imbricate aestivation. The placentation is marginal with one elongated placenta on one side of the ovary (superior). Its ovules attached at the fusion of the carpel's margins and not axile (where the ovary is divided by radial spokes with placentas in separate locules).

Therefore, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

What is true of androecium of fabaceae?

  1. Ten free

  2. 10 monoadelphous

  3. 10 diadelphous

  4. 10 polyadelphous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The androecium is the male part of an angiospermic flower which is composed of two or more stamens. They are called essential organs because the androecium is involved in reproduction. In Fabaceae, the stamens are 10,  diadelphous and anthers are dithecous. Diadelphous stamens are those which are united by their filaments so as to form two groups.

So, the correct answer is '10 diadelphous'.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Gynoecioum of fabaceae is

  1. Bicarpellary syncarpous

  2. Polycarpellary apocarpous

  3. Polycarpellary syncarpous

  4. Monocarpellary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The gynoecium is the female reproductive organs of a flower which is composed of a group of pistils. In Fabaceae, the ovary is superior, monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules, style is single. Hence, the gynoecium of Fabaceae is monocarpellary.

So, the correct answer is 'Monocarpellary'.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Nodulated roots are characteristic of family

  1. Fabaceae

  2. Asteraceae

  3. Poaceae

  4. Solanaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Root nodules are present on the roots of plants (primarily Fabaceae) which is associated with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. Nodulated roots are characteristic of Fabaceae. The Fabaceae include legume crops such as peas and beans.

So, the correct answer is 'Fabaceae'.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Marginal placentation is found in

  1. Solanaceae

  2. Cruciferae
  3. Fabaceae$/$ Leguninosae
  4. Asteraceae$/$ Compositae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Marginal placentation is a feature of the family Leguminosae or Fabaceae. The flowers show monocarpellary apocarpous gynoecium with the placenta being developed on the ridge along the ventral suture and the ovules are borne on this ridge. This type of placentation is called marginal placentation.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Fabaceae/Leguminosae'.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Name the family having (9) +1 arrangement of stamens.

  1. Solanaceae

  2. Asteraceae

  3. Liliaceae

  4. Fabaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea and bean family are a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, perennial or annual herbaceous plants, shrubs which can be easily recognised by their fruit (legume) and their compound leaves. Stamens are 10, diadelphous (united by filaments into two groups i.e.,(9)+1. Posterior stamen is free and nine are fused at the filaments

So, the correct answer is 'Fabaceae'

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Diadelphous condition occurs in

  1. Solanaceae

  2. Fabaceae

  3. Asteraceae

  4. Liliaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea and bean family is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, shrubs and annual or perennial herbaceous plants which can be easily recognised by their fruit and compound leaves. In Fabaceae, the stamens are 10, diadelphous (stamens are united by their filaments to form two groups i.e.,(9)+1 ). Posterior stamen is free and filaments of nine are fused to form a sheath around the ovary

So, the correct answer is 'Fabaceae'.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

In fabaceae, one of the following immediately encloses the essential organs

  1. Anterior petals

  2. Posterior petal

  3. Lateral petals

  4. Sepals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants containing papilionaceous corolla. In Fabaceae, the petals are 5 - the outermost posterior petal (vexillum or standard) is the largest petal and it encloses all the essential organs, two lateral petals (wings or alae) and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure known as the keel or carina.

So, the correct answer is 'Posterior petal'.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Which is not the characteristic feature of fabaceae?

  1. Taproot system, compound leaves, raceme inflorescence

  2. Flowers actinomorphic, aestivation twisted and gamopetalous

  3. Stamens 10, introrse, basifixed, bithecous

  4. Monocarpellary, ovary superior and bent stigma

  5. Fruit is legume
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae, commonly known as a legume, pea and bean family is an economically important family of flowering plants. In Fabaceae, the flowers are medianly zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry), bisexual. Ascending imbricate aestivation (posterior petal overlaps) is seen. Petals are five, polypetalous (flowers having distinct or separate petals).

So, the correct answer is 'Flowers actinomorphic, aestivation twisted and gamopetalous'.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Zygomorphic flower with vexillary aestivation, diadelphous androecium and marginal placentation occurs in

  1. <p> Pisum</p>

  2. Aloe

  3. Brinjal

  4. <p> Belladona</p>

  5. <p> Asparagus</p>
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pisum commonly known as a pea is a genus of flowering plant belonging to family Fabaceae. In Fabaceae, the flowers are zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry), bisexual. The petals 5, polypetalous, the posterior outermost petal is large (the vexillum or standard), two lateral petals (the wings or alae) and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure (the keel or carina), descending imbricate or vexillary aestivation. Stamens are 10, diadelphous (stamens united by their filaments so as to form two groups). Placentation is marginal (placenta forms a rigid along ventral side and ovules are arranged in two vertical rows). So, the correct answer is 'Pisum'.

Multiple choice botany families of angiosperms family fabaceae eudicots family - fabaceae, sativum and solanaceae study of some important families

Vexillum is found in

  1. Rosaceae

  2. Papilionaceae

  3. Cruciferae

  4. Solanaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fabaceae or Papilionaceae is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. Vexillary aestivation is seen in members of Fabaceae. In vexillary aestivation, the outermost posterior petal is large which is known as the vexillum or standard, two lateral petals are known as the wings or alae, and the two anterior and innermost petals are united to form a boat-shaped structure known as the keel or carina. Hence, vexillum is found in Papilionaceae.

So, the correct answer is 'Papilionaceae'.