Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Vessels and companion cells occur in

  1. Angiosperm

  2. Gymnosperms

  3. Pteridophytes

  4. Viruses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vessels and companion cells are defining characteristics of the xylem and phloem, respectively, in angiosperms. Gymnosperms typically lack vessels (using tracheids instead) and companion cells (using albuminous cells).

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Phloem of angiosperms differs from that of other vascular plants in presence of ______________.

  1. Vessels

  2. Companion cells

  3. Tylosoldes

  4. Albuminous cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Companion cells are specialized parenchyma cells associated with sieve tube elements in the phloem of angiosperms. Gymnosperms use albuminous cells instead.

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Floral features are chiefly used in angiosperms identification because

  1. Flowers are nice to work with

  2. Flowers have various colour

  3. Flowers can be safely pressed

  4. Reproductive parts are more stable and conservative than vegetative parts
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Floral parts are considered more evolutionarily stable and less influenced by environmental changes compared to vegetative parts (leaves, stems, roots), making them more reliable for taxonomic classification.

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

A group of PUC students are appearing for a biology practical examination. One of the practical problems is to identify the slide focused under a microscope. When they observe, they see a structure more or less spherical having an outer most layer which is green in colour and in the middle many of parenchyma cells and a number of skull-shaped bundles are arranged irregularly all around. Help them in identifying the structure properly.

  1. It is the transverse section of a dicot stem.

  2. It is the transverse section of a monocot root.

  3. It is the transverse section of a dicot leaf.

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Monocots have their vascular bundles arranged in the form of a ring. They have spherical structures when seen in a microscope.  In their outermost layer, there is a presence of chloroplast containing chlorophyll. Both of them have these layers of epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular tissue, conjunctive tissue, pith. In the middle layer, there are parenchyma cells. Below it, there are skull-shaped bundles of xylem and phloem arranges spherically.

So, option D is the correct answer.

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Ploidy of ovum of angiosperms is

  1. Haploid

  2. Diploid

  3. Triploid

  4. Polyploid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Angiosperms, the female gametophyte, or megagametophyte, is the embryo sac. Eggs develop in the ovules of the angiosperm flower. Within each ovule is a megaspore mother cell. Each megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores.

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Secondary growth is absent in

  1. Monocotyledons

  2. Dicotyledons

  3. All angiosperms

  4. Gymnsoperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
(A) secondary growth is absent in monocotyledons due to absent of cambium ring between xylem and phloem.
(B) Dicotyledons show secondary growth due to the presence of the cambium ring between xylem and phloem.
(C) Angiosperms include monocot and dicot in which monocot does not show secondary growth due to the absence of cambium ring.
(D)  secondary growth present also in gymnosperms due to the presence of the cambium ring between xylem and phloem.
So, the correct answer is 'Monocotyledons'.
Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Which of the following characteristics are present in both gymnosperms as well as angiosperms?

  1. Leaves, rhizomes and spore

  2. Leaves, stems, roots and seeds

  3. Flat leaves, Trunks and naked seeds

  4. Lack of vascular tissue and small leaflets

  5. Needle like leaves, stem roots and fleshy fruits
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms are seed plants (spermatophytes) that possess true roots, stems, and leaves.

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

All of the following characteristics differentiates the monocot and dicot, except

  1. Seed structure

  2. Floral parts

  3. Leaf venation

  4. Spongy mesophyll

  5. Vascular organization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
 Monocots  Dicots
 Embryo with single cotyledon  Embryo with two cotyledons
 Pollen with single furrow or pore  Pollen with three furrows or pores
 Flower parts in multiples of three  Flower parts in multiples of four or five
 Major leaf vein parallel  Major leaf veins reticulated
 Stem vascular bundles scattered  Stem vascular bundles in a ring
 Roots are adventitious  Roots develop from radicle
 Secondary growth absent  Secondary growth often present
Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Identify the dissimilarity between monocots and dicots.

  1. Monocot embryos form two leaves, dicot embryos form a single leaf

  2. Monocot flowers may consist of five petals, dicot flowers may consist of six petals

  3. Monocot leaves have a branching network of veins, dicot leaves have parallel veins

  4. Monocot roots consist of many small roots growing from a taproot, dicot roots lack a taproot

  5. Monocot vascular tissue is arranged randomly in the stem, dicot vascular tissue is arranged in a ring
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The flowering plants or Angiosperms are classified into two groups monocots and dicots on the basis of the nature of embryo in the seed. In monocots , the  vascular tissue is scattered throughout the stem with no particular arrangement and has no cortex. It has single cotyledon in seeds and parallel venation in leaves. Whereas, in dicots, the vascular tissue is arranged in a ring and  is divided into a cortex and stele. It has two cotyledons in seeds with reticulate venation in leaves. Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

A closer look at the veins of a leaf of a given plant depicts the parallel arrangement. What can be concluded from this information?

  1. The plant is a dicot.

  2. The plant is a monocot.

  3. The plant is a gymnosperm.

  4. The plant is an angiosperm.

  5. The plant is a bryophyte.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Venation is the structure of the veins of the leaf. Veins transport liquids and nutrients to the cells of the leaves, and they carry photosynthetic products back to the remaining parts of the tree. Monocot leaves possess parallel venation, meaning the veins of the leaf run in parallel lines. Examples of these types of leaves include grasses, lilies and tulips. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

What correctly defines mycorrhiza?

  1. Plants that have no vascular tissue.

  2. Nitrogen fixing bacteria that live in nodules on the roots of legumes.

  3. Primitive plants like mosses, which show a dominant gametophyte stage.

  4. Vascular bundles in the stems of tracheophytes.

  5. Symbiotic structures living in the roots of plants that increase uptake of nutrients from the soil.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Mycorrhizae are the symbiotic fungi that reside in roots of higher plants and increase soil fertility by nitrogen fixation. The fungus obtains carbon compounds produced by photosynthesis from roots while the plants obtain minerals, such as phosphorus extracted by fungal threads from the soil. Thus, the correct answer is E. 

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Which of the following is not the characteristic feature of flowering plants?

  1. They include non-woody trees and shrubs.

  2. They have stems, leaves and roots.

  3. They produce seeds.

  4. They have finely divided leaves called fronds.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The pteridophytes are the plants in which the leaves are divided into small leaflets called fronds. The angiosperms are the flowering plants which include the non-woody trees and shrubs. The plant body is divided into stem, roots, and leaves. These are seed-producing plants and the seeds are covered with a seed coat. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology pictorial feature of plant kingdom phanerogams gymnosperms angiosperms

Sperms cells of angiosperms differ from the rest of the plant groups like gymnosperms by _______________________.

  1. In angiosperms the sperm cells are non-motile whereas in the others they are flagellate

  2. In angiosperms the sperm cells are produced in the pollen grain whereas in the rest they produced in the antheridium

  3. In angiosperms and gymnosperms the sperm cells are non-motile whereas in the rest they are flagellated

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer