Biology

Biological Reproduction

762 Questions

Biological reproduction encompasses processes like asexual and sexual reproduction, alternation of generations, and specific mechanisms in plants and fungi. This topic is fundamental for biology paper preparation in various competitive exams. Practice these questions to solidify your understanding.

Asexual reproduction structuresPlant and fungi life cyclesCloning and fertilizationReproductive terminology

Biological Reproduction Questions

Multiple choice zoology earthworm earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding sexuality in organisms?

  1. When both male and female flowers are present on the same plant, the condition is said to be monoecious and is present in cucurbits and coconuts

  2. When both male and female flowers are present on the separate plants, the condition is said to be dioecious and is present in papaya and date palms

  3. In earthworm, both male and female sex organs are present in the same individual and therefore, self-fertilisation occurs in them

  4. Cockroach is an unisexual animal and exhibit sexual dimorphism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cross-fertilization occurs in many hermaphrodite animals as in earthworm. It is due to the fact that their male and female reproductive organs mature at different times.

Thus, the correct answer is 'In earthworm, both male and female sex organs are present in the same individual and therefore, self-fertilization occurs in them.'

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction alternation of generation in angiosperms alternation of generation angiosperms

Life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 

  1. Haplontic

  2. Diplontic

  3. Haplodiplontic

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Three types of life cycle patterns are seen in the Saccharomyces (yeasts).

(i)         Haplobiontic life cycle (Saccharomyces octopus)

(ii)        Diplobiontic life cycle (Saccharomyces ludwigii)

(iii)       Haplodiplontic life cycle (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

The correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction alternation of generation in angiosperms alternation of generation angiosperms

Which of the statements regarding haplontic life cycle is incorrect?

  1. Sporophytic generation is represented only by the one-celled zygote.

  2. There is no free-living sporophyte.

  3. Mitosis in the zygote results in the formation of haploid spores.

  4. The haploid spores divide mitotically and form the gametophyte.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a haplontic life cycle, the plant body is a gametophyte and dominant a dominant phase. The reproductive cell undergo mitosis to form gametes that are haploid, the gametic fusion results in a diploid zygote, which undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores.

So, the correct answer is 'Mitosis in the zygote results in the formation of haploid spores.'

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom alternation of generation in angiosperms alternation of generation angiosperms

The gametophyte of  Bryophytes reproduction sexually by Isogamy Physiological anisogamy

  1. Isogamy

  2. Physiological anisogamy

  3. Siphanogamous oogamy

  4. Zooidogamous oogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Bryophytes, sexual reproduction is oogamous, but the gametes are often described in terms of their fusion. Isogamy is a primitive form where gametes are identical, but Bryophytes generally exhibit more advanced forms.

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom alternation of generation in angiosperms alternation of generation angiosperms

Read the given paragraph.
Where there is alternation of generations, the haploid multicellular plant is called a   (i)   and the diploid multicellular plant is called   (ii)   .    (iii)   generation is the dominant phase in algae showing haplontic type of life cycle. Bryophytes and pteridophytes usually possess    (iv)   types of life cycle.
Select the correct sequence of terms to complete the above paragraph.

  1. (i)-Sporophyte, (ii)-Gametophyte, (iii)-Gametophyte, (iv)-Diplontic

  2. (i)-Gametophyte, (ii)-Sporophyte, (iii)-Sporophyte, (iv)-Haplontic

  3. (i)-Sporophyte, (ii)-Gametophyte, (iii)-Sporophyte, (iv)-Haplodiplontic

  4. (i)-Gametophyte, (ii)-Sporophyte, (iii)-Gametophyte, (iv)-Haplodiplontic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In alternation of generations, the haploid plant is the gametophyte and the diploid is the sporophyte. Algae showing haplontic cycles have a dominant gametophyte. Bryophytes and pteridophytes exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle.

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom alternation of generation in angiosperms alternation of generation angiosperms

Read the given statements and select the correct option. 
Statement 1 : Bryophytes show alternation of generation.
Statement 2 : A haploid gametophytic generation and a diploid sporophytic generation alternate in the life cycle.

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Following are the correct statements: 

(i) Bryophytes show alternation of generation.
(ii) A haploid gametophytic generation and a diploid sporophytic generation alternate in the life cycle.
So, the correct answer is (a).

Multiple choice botany classical genetics variation and its type natural selection introduction to genetics

Recombinations and variations in eucaryotic organisms are due to

  1. Mitosis and meiosis

  2. Fertilization and mitosis

  3. Meiosis and fertilisation

  4. Meiosis and amitosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The process of forming new allelic combination in offspring by exchanges between genetic materials of parents is called Recombination.

Variation is a change or slight difference in condition, amount, or level, typically within certain limits appear in the progeny compared with parents.

Recombination and variations appear in sexually reproducing organisms during meiosis and fertilization.

So, the correct option is ‘Meiosis and fertilization’.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

A clone is a group of.

  1. Genetically similar organisms produced through asexual reproduction

  2. Genetically similar organisms produced through sexual reproduction

  3. Dissimilar organisms produced as a result of asexual reproduction

  4. Genetically dissimilar organisms produced as a result of sexual reproduction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Clones are a group of individuals which are produced from a single parent by the process of asexual reproduction. These organisms are genetically similar to the donor organism. Cloning can be performed by using the complete organisms or the cells from the single parent. Cloning is done to preserve the genotype of an organism. Thus the correct answer is option A. 
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

A population of genetically identical individuals, obtained from asexual reproduction is

  1. Callus

  2. Clone

  3. Deme

  4. Aggregate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A) Callus is unorganized actively dividing the mass of cells maintained in culture. It has a meristematic cell which has ample amount of cytoplasm to trigger cell division. It is treated with the growth hormones to allow the cell division and differentiation. 
B) A population of genetically identical individuals, obtained from asexual reproduction is a clone because fusion of gametes does not take place in vegetative propagation so there is no chance of recombination and variation. The parent cell divides to form daughter cell by mitosis due to which the offspring are genetically identical to the parent. The offspring produced are clones of their parent and have the same number of chromosomes.
C) Deme is the basic unit of an animal population can interbreed among themselves. It consists of two or more subspecies which can interbreed amongst itself. It shares its own distinct genetic pool. In isolation, the demes turn into distinct species or subspecies. 
D) Aggregate is form or group into a class or cluster.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

What is not true about clone?

  1. They are derived from single parent

  2. It involves formation and fusion of two gametes

  3. It involves asexual reproduction

  4. Clone is a same gene copy of the parent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Clone formation is due to asexual reproduction. As meiosis does not occur here, so no gamete formation, hence no fusion of gametes occurs in clone formation.

So, the correct answer is 'it involves formation and fusion of two gametes'

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

The term 'clone' cannot be applied to offspring formed by sexual reproduction because

  1. Offspring do not possess exact copies of parental DNA

  2. DNA of only one parent is copied and passed on to the offspring

  3. Offspring are formed at different times

  4. DNA of parent and offspring are completely different
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

During sexual reproduction, fertilization creates a single-celled zygote which includes genetic material from both gametes. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) joins up so that homologous chromosome sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by an exchange of genetic information. Whereas, cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction.

So, the correct option is 'Offspring do not possess exact copies of parental DNA'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

Offsprings formed by asexual reproduction exhibit remarkable similarity. This is known as

  1. Clone

  2. Gamete

  3. Androecium

  4. Gynoecium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cloning is the production of identical genetic copies. All forms of asexual reproduction are variations of the cell division process of mitosis. Asexual reproduction is sometimes called as cloning and the individual copy produced by cloning method is called as a clone.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

A large number of bacteria produced from a single bacterium is called as 

  1. Deme

  2. Population

  3. Clones

  4. Offspring
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Cell clones can form by cell division from a single transformed cell and be propagated to produce a large number of cells with an identical foreign DNA molecules that we wish to clone into the cells, a process known as transformation. Amplification process produces a huge number of identical bacterial cell clones, each with the same foreign DNA sequence.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice biology sexual reproduction in flowering plants earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Apomixis is

  1. Vegetative reproduction

  2. Sexual reproduction

  3. Asexual reproduction, which is without meiosis and gametogenesis

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Apomixis is a process of asexual method of seed formation in which embryo develops from maternal tissues of the ovule without the processes of meiosis and gametogenesis. It is seen in higher plants. It conserves the genetic structure of plants. Heterosis can be maintained permanently in crop plants by this process. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology reproductive system of human earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

A organism in which shows the secondary sexual characters of both male and female is called as

  1. Intersex

  2. Hermaphrodite

  3. Bisexual

  4. Gynandromorph
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Intersex is referred to as the variation in sex characteristics that does not allow the individual to be distinctly called as male or female.
Hermaphrodite is an organism who has both male and female sex organs (not necessarily characteristics).
Bisexual means hermaphrodite.
If an individual exhibits both male and female secondary sexual characteristics is called as gynandromorph.
So, the correct answer is option D.