Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

974 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following mediums are selective for Gram-negative bacteria? P. Hektoen enteric agar Q. MacConkey agar R. Mannitol salt agar S. Yeast Malt Agar

  1. P and Q

  2. P and S

  3. Q and R

  4. Q and S

  5. R and S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hektoen Enteric Agar is a selective and differential agar for the isolation and cultivation of gram-negative enteric microorganisms, especially Salmonella and Shigella. MacConkey Agar is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate Gram-negative enterics based on their ability to ferment lactose.

Multiple choice

What is the passage about?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Although antibiotics may get a criticism for their prevalence and overuse, life before them was fraught with untamable infection and few defensive tools. Penicillin was the first antibiotic, a discovery that happened in 1929 when a young bacteriologist, Sir Alexander Fleming, was making some alterations in his lab. After having been on vacation, he returned to work to find that a petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria had been left uncovered; and he noticed that mold on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, and upon further research found that it could kill other bacteria and could be given to small animals without ill effect. A decade later, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain picked up where Fleming left off and isolated the bacteria-killing substance found in the mold – penicillin. The three won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. A laboratory worker measures purified penicillin into bottles. In this process, the substance is freeze-dried and the ice evaporated off under vacuum. The powder left behind is penicillin.

  1. It is about antibiotics.

  2. It is about the formation of bacteria culture.

  3. It is about Alexander Fleming.

  4. It is about the discovery of Penicillin.

  5. dummy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

It is the correct answer as according to the passage Alexander Fleming along with the fellow scientists discovered Penicillin.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is true?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Although antibiotics may get a criticism for their prevalence and overuse, life before them was fraught with untamable infection and few defensive tools. Penicillin was the first antibiotic, a discovery that happened in 1929 when a young bacteriologist, Sir Alexander Fleming, was making some alterations in his lab. After having been on vacation, he returned to work to find that a petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria had been left uncovered; and he noticed that mold on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, and upon further research found that it could kill other bacteria and could be given to small animals without ill effect. A decade later, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain picked up where Fleming left off and isolated the bacteria-killing substance found in the mold – penicillin. The three won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. A laboratory worker measures purified penicillin into bottles. In this process, the substance is freeze-dried and the ice evaporated off under vacuum. The powder left behind is penicillin.

  1. The two scientists won the Nobel Prize in medicine.

  2. Life before the discovery of Penicillin was full of infectious diseases.

  3. Penicillin given to animals proved deadly.

  4. Penicillin was not helpful in treating infectious diseases.

  5. dummy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is true as, the passage says, "life before Penicillin was fraught with untamable infection and few defensive tools."

Multiple choice

What did Alexander find in further research after identifying penicillin notatum?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Although antibiotics may get a criticism for their prevalence and overuse, life before them was fraught with untamable infection and few defensive tools. Penicillin was the first antibiotic, a discovery that happened in 1929 when a young bacteriologist, Sir Alexander Fleming, was making some alterations in his lab. After having been on vacation, he returned to work to find that a petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria had been left uncovered; and he noticed that mold on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, and upon further research found that it could kill other bacteria and could be given to small animals without ill effect. A decade later, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain picked up where Fleming left off and isolated the bacteria-killing substance found in the mold – penicillin. The three won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. A laboratory worker measures purified penicillin into bottles. In this process, the substance is freeze-dried and the ice evaporated off under vacuum. The powder left behind is penicillin.

  1. It could kill bacteria and this could not be given to animals.

  2. It could kill bacteria and could be given to animals without any harm.

  3. It could kill human beings if given in a large quantity.

  4. It can be put in the bottles as a powder form.

  5. dummy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the corrct answer as the passage says, "He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, and upon further research found that it could kill other bacteria and could be given to small animals without ill effect."

Multiple choice

Which word in the passage is the synonym of uncontrollable?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Although antibiotics may get a criticism for their prevalence and overuse, life before them was fraught with untamable infection and few defensive tools. Penicillin was the first antibiotic, a discovery that happened in 1929 when a young bacteriologist, Sir Alexander Fleming, was making some alterations in his lab. After having been on vacation, he returned to work to find that a petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria had been left uncovered; and he noticed that mold on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, and upon further research found that it could kill other bacteria and could be given to small animals without ill effect. A decade later, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain picked up where Fleming left off and isolated the bacteria-killing substance found in the mold – penicillin. The three won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. A laboratory worker measures purified penicillin into bottles. In this process, the substance is freeze-dried and the ice evaporated off under vacuum. The powder left behind is penicillin.

  1. Curative

  2. Untamable

  3. Ill

  4. Infectious

  5. dummy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It means not capable of being controlled.

Multiple choice

Why were the three scientists given the Nobel Prize?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Although antibiotics may get a criticism for their prevalence and overuse, life before them was fraught with untamable infection and few defensive tools. Penicillin was the first antibiotic, a discovery that happened in 1929 when a young bacteriologist, Sir Alexander Fleming, was making some alterations in his lab. After having been on vacation, he returned to work to find that a petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria had been left uncovered; and he noticed that mold on the culture had killed many of the bacteria. He identified the mold as penicillium notatum, and upon further research found that it could kill other bacteria and could be given to small animals without ill effect. A decade later, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain picked up where Fleming left off and isolated the bacteria-killing substance found in the mold – penicillin. The three won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. A laboratory worker measures purified penicillin into bottles. In this process, the substance is freeze-dried and the ice evaporated off under vacuum. The powder left behind is penicillin.

  1. It was because they discovered a bacteria culture.

  2. It was because they were good scientists.

  3. It was because they discovered Penicillin.

  4. It was because they discovered a pain killer.

  5. dummy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

It is the correct answer as the passage says, "The three won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1945 for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases.”

Multiple choice

Which of the following options is not example of antibiotics?

  1. Streptomycin

  2. Tetracycline

  3. Salmonella

  4. Erythromycine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Salmonella is a genus of bacteria (not an antibiotic) that causes food poisoning. Streptomycin, Tetracycline, and Erythromycin are all antibiotics produced by or derived from microorganisms.

Multiple choice

Which of the following biochemical substance is derived from a living organism that has a capacity to inhibit the growth or destroy microbes?

  1. Vaccine

  2. Antigen

  3. Toxin

  4. Antibiotic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics are biochemical substances produced by microorganisms (like fungi and bacteria) that can inhibit or kill other microbes. Penicillin, the first antibiotic, was derived from the Penicillium fungus. Vaccines prevent disease, antigens trigger immune responses, and toxins are harmful substances produced by pathogens.