Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

974 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

These antiseptics can also be used as disinfectants, which depends on the concentration of the compound.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects.

Antiseptic can also be used as disinfectants which depends on the concentration of the compound. So, the statement is true.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which of the following are natural antimicrobial chemicals secreted by the body?

  1. Lactic acid

  2. Urea

  3. Hydrochloric acid

  4. Lysozyme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,C,D Correct answer
Explanation

An antimicrobial is an agent that kills micro-organisms or inhibits their growth.

HCl is secreted by the stomach. 
Lactic acid is naturally present in humans, as well as in animals. It is well known that it is formed from glycogen by muscle cells when the oxygen supply is inadequate to support energy production.
Lysozyme is present in the body, abundant in tears, saliva, mucus and milk.
Urea is a waste from the human body, not an antimicrobial.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

_________ tends to destroy/prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes such as bacteria ,fungi, virus, or other parasites selectively.

  1. Histamine

  2. Antibiotic

  3. Antiseptic

  4. Disinfectant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B,C,D Correct answer
Explanation

An antimicrobial tends to destroy/prevent development or inhibit the pathogenic action of microbes such as bacteria (antibacterial drugs), fungi (antifungal agents), virus (antiviral agents), or other parasites (antiparasitic drugs) selectively. Antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

_______ are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.

  1. Disinfectants

  2. Antiseptics

  3. Antacids

  4. Antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Antiseptics and disinfectants are the chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Disinfectants are for non-living things while antiseptics are for living tissues.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

The greatest number of antimicrobic allergies is reported for which drug?

  1. Sulfonamides

  2. Quinolones

  3. Tetracycline

  4. Penicillin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin, one of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold.In 1928 Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming first observed that colonies of the bacterium staphylococcus aureus failed to grow in those area of a culture that had been accidentally contaminated by the green mold Penicillium notatum.The greatest number of antimicrobic allergies is also reported for Penicillins 

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which antibacterial drug does not inhibit protein synthesis?

  1. Tetracycline

  2. Penicillin

  3. Chloramphenicol

  4. Erythromycin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Chloramphenicol interact acts with SOS subunit, of ribosome and prevents the formation of peptide bonds when chloramphenicol is around, amino acid beads can't be linked together into polypeptide strings.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Drugs, that affect the bacterial cell wall, are active only against what type of cells?

  1. Gram negative

  2. Young, actively growing

  3. Dormant

  4. Gram variable
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Drugs affect the bacterial cell wall which is made of phospholipids. These drugs are active against young and actively growing bacteria.


Hence, the correct option is $B$

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which of the following statements is accurate in explaining why Gram negative bacteria are generally more resistant to penicillins than Gram positive bacteria?

  1. Gram negative bacteria have a thicker cell wall

  2. Gram negative bacteria have an outer hydrophilic membrane that acts as an extra barrier
  3. Gram negative bacteria can concentrate $\beta$-lactamase enzymes in the periplasmic space

  4. Gram negative bacteria produce smaller quantities of transpeptidase enzyme
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gram negative bacteria can concentrate $\beta$-lactamase enzymes in the perplasmic space between the cell wall and the outer membrane. Some Gram positive bacteria can produce $\beta$-lactamase enzyme, but these enzymes diffuse away from the cell because there is no outer membrane to trap them . Thus, they are less effective than $\beta$-lactamases produced by Gram negative bacteria.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

The golden age of antibiotics began in 1928 with Sir Alexander Fleming's discovery of an antibacterial compound he called:

  1. salvarsan

  2. arsenic

  3. sulfonamide

  4. penicillin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins, and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from Penicillium fungi.

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Lysine is used as:

  1. disinfectant

  2. germ killer

  3. treating eye disease

  4. anti-cancer drug
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B,C,D Correct answer
Explanation

Lysine is used for treating eye disease and as an anti-cancer drug because it is a nutritional supplement containing the biologically active L-isomer of the essential amino acid lysine, with potential anti-mucositis activity.
People use it to make medicine, also used for preventing and treating cold sores. 

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Antiseptics are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Either

  4. Neither
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chemotherapeutic agents are drugs, primarily antibiotics, that are taken internally to fight/kill microbes, whereas antiseptics are chemicals that are applied to skin and tissue directly to fight/kill microbes.

Multiple choice evs eat when you need food poisoning and food preservation methods food spoilage, adulteration and preservation food spoilage and adulteration

Ampicillin is used to treat food poisoning caused by

  1. Salmonella

  2. Shigella

  3. Clostridium

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Food poisoning is the condition in which there are certain substances in the food consumed that results in infection. The food contaminated with bacteria, parasites and viruses are the main sources for causing food poisoning. When the food poisoning is caused by Shigella, the symptoms includes diarrhea, fever, intestinal cramps, etc. The antibiotics are used for treatment. The common antibiotic is ampicillin, bactrim or ceftriaxone. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice evs eat when you need food poisoning and food preservation methods food spoilage, adulteration and preservation food spoilage and adulteration

Food poisoning can be treated by

  1. Antibiotics

  2. Intake of fluid and electrolytes

  3. Both A and B

  4. Vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Food poisoning is the condition in which there are certain substances in the food consumed that results in infection. The food contaminated with bacteria, parasites and viruses are the main sources for causing food poisoning. The symptoms are vomiting, nausea, severe pain in the abdominal region, diarrhoea and dehydration, weakness, fatigue and damage to the nervous system. The symptoms can be treated with antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin, Rifaximin, Bactrim and loperamide are the common antibiotics. It is necessary to increase the fluid intake. Electrolytes solution is orally fed which helps in rehydration. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice zoology universe and organic evolution darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Many bacteria are now resistant to penicillin, because

  1. previously resistant forms survived and reproduced better than non-resistant forms

  2. penicillin triggers the synthesis of resistant proteins

  3. penicillin causes gene mutations, some of which are beneficial

  4. environment inhibits competition among bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Due to variation in bacteria some of them have resistance from penicillin. Penicillin largely use as killing bacteria but now bacteria develop immunity to penicillin. So bacteria with resistant gene from penicillin transferred character to offspring. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'previously resistant forms survived and reproduced better than non-resistant forms'