Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

974 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which of the following statements is not correct about penicillin?

  1. Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum.

  2. It is extracted from antibacterial fungus Penicillium.

  3. Ampicillin and amoxycillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins.

  4. It has bacteriostatic effect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The real revolution in antibacterial therapy began with the discovery of Alexander Fleming in 1929, of the antibacterial properties of a Penicillium fungus. It is extracted from antibacterial fungus Penicillium.
  • Penicillin G has a narrow spectrum. Ampicillin and Amoxycillin are synthetic modifications of penicillins. These have broad spectrum. It is absolutely essential to test the patients for sensitivity (allergy) to penicillin before it is administered.
  • Antibiotics have either cidal (killing) effect or a static (inhibitory) effect on microbes. Penicillin has Bactericidal effect.
Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

Which of the following statements is not correct?

  1. Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.

  2. Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.

  3. Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.

  4. Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. These are not ingested like antibiotics.
  • Bithionol (also called bithional) is added to soaps to impart antiseptic properties.
  • Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs which are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.
  • Same substances can act as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant by varying the concentration. For example, 0.2 per cent solution of phenol is an antiseptic while its one per cent solution is disinfectant.
  • Hence, option D is the wrong option.
    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    Which of the following is an example of a broad spectrum antibiotic?

    1. Penicillin G

    2. Chloramphenicol

    3. Streptomycin

    4. Ampicillin
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B,C,D Correct answer
    Explanation

    Since, Chloramphenicol functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, the drug chloramphenicol has a very broad spectrum of activity. It is active against gram-positive bacteria (including most strains of MRSA), gram-negative bacteria and anaerobes.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    Which of the following are synthetic antimicrobial chemicals, consumed by humans?

    1. Insulin

    2. Sulphadiazine

    3. Hydrochloric acid

    4. Penicillin
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B,D Correct answer
    Explanation

    Sulphadiazine and penicillin are the synthetic antimicrobial chemicals consumed by humans. Insulin and hydrochloric acid are produced by the body.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    The first anti-microbial to be discovered is:

    1. Soframicin

    2. Pencillin

    3. Oflaxacin

    4. Terpineol
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    An antimicrobial tends to destroy/prevent development of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, virus, or other parasites selectively, and inhibit their pathogenic actions. 
    Alexander Fleming was the first to discover a natural antimicrobial fungus known as Penicillium rubens. The substance he extracted from the fungus was named Penicillin. 

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    Which of the following is an antiseptic?

    1. Penicillin

    2. Aminoglycosides

    3. Ofloxacin

    4. Soframicin
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    Anti-microbials are classified as:
    1. Anti-biotics
    2. Antiseptics
    3. Disinfectants
    Antiseptics are anti-microbials which are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.
    Soframicin is an antiseptic.
    All the other compounds given are antibiotics.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    What was the idea of Paul Ehrlich?

    1. Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria but not the host, can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.

    2. Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria but not the host, cannot be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.

    3. Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria but not the guest, can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.

    4. Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria also the guest, can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    Following was the idea of Paul Ehrlich.
    Chemicals which would adversely affect the invading bacteria but not the host, can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by the bacteria.
    Paul Ehrlich was a German Bacteriologist. He prepared compounds containing arsenic for treating syphilis. In 1908, he got the Nobel Prize for discovering arsphenamine (salvarsan) to kill syphilis bacteria.
    He also worked on azo dyes containing $-N=N-$ linkage similar to $-As=As-$ linkage in salvarsan, and prepared antibiotic protonsil.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    The drug which is used to cure diseases caused by microbes or microorganisms is called as an:

    1. antibiotic

    2. antimicrobial

    3. antifungal

    4. none of these
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    B Correct answer
    Explanation

    The drug which is used to cure diseases caused by microbes or microorganisms is called as an antimicrobial. Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and virus cause variety of diseases in human beings. Antimicrobials kill or stop the growth of these microorganisms.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    Antimicrobials are effective on which kind of organisms?

    1. Bacteria

    2. Viruses

    3. Fungi

    4. all of these
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    D Correct answer
    Explanation

    Antimicrobials are effective on all bacteria, viruses and fungi.
    Microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and virus causes variety of diseases in human beings. Antimicrobials kill or stop the growth of these microorganisms.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    Which was the first antibacterial discovered by Paul Ehrlich?

    1. Salvarsan

    2. Syphilis

    3. Codeine

    4. None of these
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    The first antibacterial discovered by Paul Ehrlich (a german bacteriologist) was Salvarsan (also called arsphenamine).
    In 1908, he got Nobel prize for discovering arsphenamine (salvarsan) to kill syphilis bacteria.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    Antimicrobial drugs that are derived from the natural processes of some microorganisms and that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms, are specifically known as:

    1. synthetic drugs

    2. chemotherapeutic drugs

    3. antibiotics

    4. prophylactic drugs
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation

    Antimicrobial drugs are derived from the natural process of some micro organism that can inhibit or destroy other micro organism are known as antibiotics.

    Example of antibiotics are Paracetamol.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    Chloramines$-T$ is a:

    1. Disinfectant

    2. Antiseptic

    3. Analgesic

    4. Antipyretic
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A Correct answer
    Explanation

    Chloramines-T is a N-chlorinated and N-deprotonated sulfonamide used as a biocide and a mild disinfectant. It is a white powder that gives unstable solutions with water.

    Hence, answer is option A.

    Multiple choice chemistry chemistry in daily life antimicrobials and antifertility drugs therapeutic action of different classes of drugs drugs and their classification

    What are used to kill or prevent the growth of bacteria?

    1. Antiseptics

    2. Antipyretic

    3. Antidiuretic

    4. Antibiotic
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    A,D Correct answer
    Explanation
    Antiseptics and antibiotics are the chemical substances which will prevent the growth of bacteria. Antipyretics are the chemical substances which reduce the body temperature. Antidiuretic is an agent that reduces the output of urine.