Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

974 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

What is a microbe?

  1. A tiny microphone

  2. A kind of medicine used to fight bacteria

  3. A microscopic organism, such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus

  4. A miniature bathrobe
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A microbe (or microorganism) is a microscopic organism that may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Multiple choice

True or False: Antibiotics fight viruses.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics are designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They are ineffective against viruses, which require antivirals or vaccines for treatment and prevention.

Multiple choice

What is a superbug?

  1. A sibling that won't leave you alone

  2. A type of pathogen that can’t be treated with medicine

  3. A substance that protects against disease

  4. A giant cockroach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A superbug is a strain of bacteria that has become resistant to the antibiotic drugs commonly used to treat the infections they cause. This makes them difficult to manage.

Multiple choice

Antibiotics reduce?

  1. Only harmful bacteria

  2. Only helpful bacteria

  3. All bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics are designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They generally do not distinguish between harmful and helpful bacteria, thus reducing the overall bacterial population.

Multiple choice

The following is an antibiotic

  1. Sodium bicarbonate

  2. Compose

  3. Streptomycin

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Streptomycin is a well-known antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. Sodium bicarbonate is a base, and 'Compose' is not a medical term for an antibiotic.

Multiple choice

Penicillin is prepared from

  1. Fungi

  2. Bacteria

  3. Algae

  4. Protozoa
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin was the first true antibiotic, discovered by Alexander Fleming from the fungus Penicillium notatum.

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry food production and microorganisms

Which of the following statements regarding antibiotics is not correct?
(i) Antibiotics are the attenuated microorganisms which in small concentration can kill or retard the growth of other harmful microorganisms.
(ii) Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming (1928) while working on bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
(iii) The full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic was established by Ernest Chain and Howard Florey.
(iv) Fleming, Chain and Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1945. 

  1. (i) only

  2. (iii) only

  3. (ii) and (iv)

  4. (i), (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (i) is incorrect because antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms that inhibit or kill other microorganisms, not the attenuated microorganisms themselves (which are vaccines).

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry food production and microorganisms

First antibiotic discovered was ____________.

  1. Penicillin

  2. Ampicillin

  3. Celin

  4. Erythrocin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The first antibiotic discovered was penicillin. It was discovered in 1828 by Alexander Fleming when he noticed the growth of mold-fungus in the culture of Staphylococcus and there were no bacteria in the region where the fungus was growing. It was because the fungus was secreting the anti-biotic that had killed the bacterial cells in the culture. The fungus was recognized as Penicillium.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Penicillin'.

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry food production and microorganisms

Terramycin is obtained from

  1. Streptomyces venezuelae

  2. Streptomyces aureofaciens

  3. Streptomyces rimosus

  4. Streptomyces griseus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Terramycin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces rimosus, a species of actinomycete isolated from a soil sample. It is amphoteric and forms a hydrochloride and a sodium salt. Terramycin had a low degree of toxicity in animals and that the crystalline hydrochloride salt possessed a wide range of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms
So, the correct answer is 'Streptomyces rimosus'
Multiple choice

What is the antibioticf choice for Tularemia?

  1. Flourquinolones

  2. Metronidazole

  3. Gentamycin

  4. Fluconazole
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gentamicin is the first-line antibiotic treatment for Tularemia (also called aminoglycosides). Fluoroquinolones (like ciprofloxacin) are alternatives, not first choice. Metronidazole treats anaerobic infections and parasites. Fluconazole is an antifungal medication. Gentamicin, often combined with streptomycin, has historically been the treatment of choice for this serious bacterial infection.

Multiple choice

What antibiotics should be given after an Anthrax exposure?

  1. Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline

  2. Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole

  3. Doxycycline and Metronidazole

  4. Doxycycline and Fluconazole
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline are the standard antibiotics recommended for post-exposure prophylaxis against Bacillus anthracis. Other combinations listed are not the primary treatment protocol.

Multiple choice

All types of bacteria are harmful

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Many bacteria are harmless or even beneficial, such as those used in fermentation or found in the human gut microbiome.

Multiple choice chemistry surface chemistry enzyme catalysis catalysis proteins and enzymes

Bacterial infection on eye surface is protected by the enzyme :

  1. urease

  2. carbonic anhydrase

  3. lysozyme

  4. xymase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Enzyme Catalysis - These are catalysts in the living system. Enzymes are substances which by their their presence, alter the rate of anybiological event. These are mainly proteins, and enzyme action is structure specific.
Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by the active site of a protein. The protein catalyst (enzyme) may be part of a multi-subunit complex, and/or may transiently or permanently associate with a Cofactor (e.g. adenosine triphosphate). 
Catalysis of biochemical reactions in the cell is vital due to the very low reaction rates of the uncatalysed reactions. A key driver of protein evolution is the optimization of such catalytic activities via protein dynamics.
They decrease activation energy by providing alternate pathway (enzyme reacts with the substrate to form an intermediate ES complex, which would be impossible in the absence of the enzyme) for the process.

Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea forming ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Conjunctiva (membrane covering the eye) is protected by lysozyme and defensin enzymes. However, when these protective barriers fall, conjunctivitis results.

Multiple choice evs - i infectious diseases and how to prevent them vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention medicinal use of microorganism

Suspensions of killed or weakened microbes or derivatives of microorganisms are called ________

  1. Drugs

  2. Probiotics

  3. Vaccines

  4. Antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines are suspensions of killed or weakened microbes or products or derivatives of micro organisms. A vaccine produces immunity to a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies.