Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

859 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

A large outbreak of drug resistant bacteria at Lutheran General Hospital in northeast Illinois occurred in 2014. It was linked to procedures performed at the hospital and infected forty-four patients. Which of the following bacteria were responsible for this outbreak?

  1. Vancomycin-resistant enterobacteriaceae

  2. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae

  3. Methicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae

  4. Oxazolidinone-resistant enterobacteriaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The bacteria responsible for the outbreak at Lutheran hospital were Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenems are often referred to as last-resort antibiotics. These bacteria possessed enzymes which can deactivate Carbapenem, making them resistant to this antibiotic.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding mycoplasma?

  1. Mycoplasmas were discovered by Nocard and Roux (1898).

  2. Mycoplasmas exhibits respiratory metabolism.

  3. Mycoplasmas exhibit pleomorphic morphology.

  4. In mycoplasmas, ribosome is of 70S type.

  5. Mycoplasmas are not affected by penicillin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer. Mycoplasmas exhibits fermentation metabolism.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the antiviral protein that is produced by the human body?

  1. Tetracycline

  2. Rifampicin

  3. Thioacetazone

  4. Quinoclones

  5. Interferon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. Interferon is the antiviral protein that is produced by the human body. It is released from the infected and dying host cells. On reaching the uninfected cells, interferon makes them resistant to the virus infection. Quinoclone is not the antiviral protein that is produced by the human body. This is a wrong option.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding S. aureus is false?

  1. S. aureus is both a commensal bacterium and a pathogen.

  2. S. aureus can become resistant to flucloxacillin.

  3. S. aureus is an important cause of endocarditis.

  4. S. aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium.

  5. S. aureus is transmitted through air droplets or aerosol.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

S. aureus is an important cause of skin, bone and joint infections.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements about gram +ve bacteria is true?

  1. Gram +ve bacteria can be lysed by complement.

  2. They have a particularly thick outer carbohydrate capsule.

  3. Gram +ve bacteria are stained by crystal violet.

  4. They contain endotoxin.

  5. A gram-positive bacterium's cell wall consists of mainly glygozen.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Staining with crystal violet is the means by which bacteria have been classified historically.

Multiple choice

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

As inferred from the above passage, the mutual transfer of plasmids between different bacteria can result in which of the following?

Directions: Choose the correct answer for the following question on the basis of the given passage:

The Food and Drug Administration has formulated certain severe restrictions regarding the use of antibiotics, which are used to promote the health and growth of meat animals. Though the different types of medicines mixed with the fodder of the animals kills many microorganisms, it also encourages the appearance of bacterial strains, which are resistant to anti-infective drugs.

It has already been observed that penicillin and the tetracyclines are not as effective therapeutically as they once used to be. This resistance to drugs is chiefly caused due to tiny circlets of genes, called plasmids, which are transferable between different species of bacteria. These plasmids are also one of the two kinds of vehicles on which molecular biologists depend on while performing gene transplant experiments. Existing guidelines also forbid the use of plasmids, which bear genes for resistance to antibiotics, in the laboratories. Though congressional debate goes on as to whether these restrictions need to be toughened with reference to scientists in their laboratories, almost no congressional attention is being paid to an ill advised agricultural practice, which produces deleterious effects.

  1. Microorganisms, which have an in-built resistance to drugs

  2. Therapeutically useful circlets of genes

  3. Penicillin like anti-infective drugs

  4. Viruses used by molecular biologists

  5. Carriers for performing gene transplant experiments
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Existing guidelines also forbid the use of plasmids which bear genes for resistance to antibiotics in the laboratories.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a pair of quinolone antibiotics?

  1. Amikacin and Streptomycin

  2. Erythromycin and Clarithromycin

  3. Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin

  4. Vancomycin and Telavancin

  5. Erythromycin and Streptomycin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin belong to quinolone class of antibiotics.