Agricultural Practices in India

Wheat, rice and corns are obtained from the grassy grains. The grains are starchy and are used to cook food and thus, collectively known as cereals.

Kalyansona and Sonalika are high-yielding semi-dwarf wheat varieties developed during India's Green Revolution in the 1960s. They played a crucial role in making India self-sufficient in wheat production. These varieties were developed from Mexican dwarf wheat varieties brought by Norman Borlaug and adapted to Indian conditions. They are not rice, jowar, or any other crop varieties.

Correct Answer: Rice

Aphids can live in wheat, sucking the sap from the plant.

Rubber, coffee and tea are plantation crops because they are grown to gain foreign exchange or used economically. Gram is a food crop, not a plantation crop.

Ladang (Southeast Asia), Milpa (Central America), Rocca (Africa), and Masole are regional names for simple subsistence farming - shifting cultivation where farmers clear land, grow crops for a few years, then move to new plots. This practice is also known as slash-and-burn agriculture.

It is correct. The method of separating the grain from the stalk is called threshing. It is basically the beating of dry stalks to shake off the dried grains. It can be done by hand, by cattle or by machines. Traditionally, threshing was done by hand, but cattle help do the job quickly. Nowadays, threshing machines are also used to separate large quantities of grain quickly.

Correct. The method of separating the grain from the stalk is called threshing. It is basically the beating of dry stalks to shake off the dried grains. Even though the large stalks can be separated from the grains by threshing, the grains still have dried husk and chaff, which have to be separated and thrown away before the wheat can be used. This method is called winnowing. The husk is blown away as it is much lighter than the grain. So, when the grains are gently dropped to the ground, only the wheat grains collect there, while the husk blows away.

Tea has historically been one of India's largest foreign exchange earners through exports. While jute and cotton also contribute significantly, tea exports consistently bring in substantial foreign currency due to high global demand and premium pricing for Indian varieties like Darjeeling and Assam tea.

Citrus fruits require a Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The Mediterranean region provides ideal conditions - sufficient winter rain for the trees and abundant summer sunshine for fruit ripening. Equatorial regions are too wet, while polar and tundra regions are too cold.

Statement 1 is wrong because yellow rust is the appearance of yellow-coloured stripes produced parallel along the venations of each leaf blade due to the presence of uredinia, a class of fungi in the wheat plants. This disease is found in wheat grown in cooler environments. It can be controlled by breeding resistant varieties Statement 2 is wrong because wheat is a rabi crop. Rabi crops are sown in autumn and harvested in the winter season. They include wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard. Kharif crops are sown in rainy season. They include Millets (Bajra and Jowar), Paddy (Rice), Maize, Moong (Pulses), Groundnut, Red Chillies, Cotton, Soyabean, Sugarcane and Turmeric. Hence, both statements are wrong.

Mustard is a rabi crop. It is the correct answer as it does not depend upon monsoon rain for growth.

This is the correct option. In this method, land is left uncultivated for one or two seasons. The fallow land regains the nutrients by decomposing of remains of plants and animals by the action of microbes.

This is the correct answer. After ploughing, the ploughed land is levelled and pressed lightly with the help of an iron leveller.

Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. Reaping is the cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle or reaper. Hence, this is the correct option.