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Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Vaccination develops

  1. Natural immunity

  2. Acquired immunity

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A vaccine is the killed or live suspension of microorganism which helps to activate the immune response. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it and keep a record of it so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

A non-specific immunity is

  1. Passive immunity

  2. Active immunity

  3. Auto immunity

  4. Innate immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immunity refers to non-specific defense mechanisms that are present in the human body by birth to protect against the antigen. These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood and immune system cells that attack foreign cells in the body.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Antigen-presenting cells communicate with effector cells of the immune system. Select the correct statement.

  1. Direct cell membrane- to- membrane contact

  2. Quorum sensing

  3. Release of highly specific steroidal hormones

  4. Release of neurotransmitter-like substances

  5. Induction of rapid ion flow through the membrane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option A i.e. "Direct cell membrane- to- membrane contact"
Antigen-presenting cells (APC) are immune system cells that present antigens on the cell surface which then communicate with appropriate T cell receptors by membrane-to-membrane contact. Antigen-presenting cells are involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Identify the incorrect statement about antibodies.

  1. Antibodies are produced by different combinations of soluble proteins in the blood called complement.

  2. When antibodies bind to a bacterial cell, it may keep that cell from adhering to host cells.

  3. The specific receptors on T cells that would interact with a specific antigen are the same shape as antibodies that will interact with that antigen.

  4. By binding to antigens, antibodies mark those antigens for destruction by macrophages.

  5. By binding to an invader, antibodies attract proteins that lyse the target membrane.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Antibodies are produced by different combinations of soluble proteins in the blood called complement. These are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells). When an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature into a group of identical cells called a clone.
Antibodies recognize specific antigens by identifying certain areas on the surface of the antigen known as antigenic determinants. Once the specific antigenic determinant is recognized, the antibody will bind to the determinant. The antigen is tagged as an intruder and labeled for destruction by other immune cells.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

The antibody production in the body is due to

  1. B cell

  2. Fibrinogen

  3. Pathogen

  4. Phagocyte

  5. T cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Antigens are proteins that are found on the surface of the pathogen and are unique to that pathogen. Pathogen induces the immune system when enters the body and produces antibodies against it. A type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte recognizes the pathogen as being foreign and produces antibodies that are specific to that pathogen or antigen. Each antibody has a unique binding site shape which locks onto the specific shape of the antigen. The antibodies destroy the antigen (pathogen) which is then engulfed and digested by macrophages.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which of the following is not a natural way of destroying bacterial infection?

  1. Antibodies produced in the body.

  2. Production of HCl in the stomach.

  3. Antibiotics taken orally or by injection.

  4. Phagocytosis by WBCs.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The natural way of destroying the bacterial infection is the production of the antibodies by the plasma B-cells in the body. The production of HCl also kills the harmful bacteria. The WBCs are the cells which can phagocyte and destroy the bacterial cells.

The intake of antibiotics is not the natural way.
Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which of the following body defense mechanism traps, engulfs and sweeps disease-causing agents towards the body openings?

  1. Body secretions

  2. Enzymes and compounds in the blood

  3. Mucous membrane

  4. Immune system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

. The mucous membrane is the epithelial tissue which lines several organs and secretes mucus. It stops pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues by pushing disease causing agents towards body opening, it also prevents organs from  dehydration


So, the correct answer is 'Mucous membrane'

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

A quick immune response that often eliminates the infection or keeps it in check until a specific acquired immune response can develop is called

  1. A nonspecific response, including macrophages and other nonspecific white blood cells.

  2. Acquired immunity, which develops after antibodies bind to specific antigens.

  3. The cell-mediated response in which T cells bind to antigen presenting cells (APCs).

  4. The humoral response where B cells that develop in the bone marrow produce plasma B cells.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immune system is quick and non specific, it is the 1$^{st}$ immediate response of the body on infection. It is also referred to as primary response that would eliminate certain number of pathogens keeping the infection in check. 

So, the correct answer is 'A nonspecific response, including macrophages and other nonspecific white blood cells'


Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Passive immunization was first developed by

  1. Robert Koch

  2. L. Pasteur

  3. Robert Hooke

  4. Emil von Behring and Kitasato
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. Passive immunity can occur naturally when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta or can be induced artificially, when high levels of human antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune individuals.
Emil Adolf von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburo discovered the antitoxin-based immunity to diphtheria and tetanus and antitoxin became the first major success of modern therapeutic immunology.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which one of the following is devoid of macrophages?

  1. Lymph nodes

  2. Connective tissue

  3. Lungs

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. The lymph node is in the form of fibres called reticulum with white blood cells attached to it,  lymph sinus is lined by reticular cells and macrophages.

B. Macrophages are derived from monocytes (WBCs) and found in the connective tissue such as blood the bloodstream and they mature into macrophages as they leave the bloodstream.
C. Macrophage in the lungs are called alveolar macrophages or dust cell and clears the air spaces from infectious and toxic particles that have entered the body.
So the correct answer is 'None of the above'.