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Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

How many statements given below are correct?
A. In case of snake bites, the injection which is given to the patients, contain preformed antibodies against the snake venom.
B. The fetus receives some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy.
C. Colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies to protect the infant.
D. 'ATS' (Anti-tetanus serum) provides temporary protection in case of injuries and burns.

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Antivenum which is injected to body in case of snakebite, contain antibodies that disable a particular venom's toxins. Antivenom is less able to reverse the damage already happened in the body. So, quick injection is a must. So, the statement A is correct.

During gestation, immunoglobulin antibodies from mother's blood can reach fetus through placenta. So the statement B is also true.
Colestrum is produced by the mammary glands in the first few days of pregnancy and it contains high concentration of nutrients and antibodies.
So statement C is also true.
ATS is used to provide immediate protection against tetanus toxins. This toxins can enter body from injuries or burns. So the 4th statement is also correct.
All the statements are correct

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Cytokine barriers helps in evading 

  1. Virus

  2. Bacteria

  3. Fungi

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immunity includes anatomical and physiological barriers, inflammation, complement activation, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis. Cytokines play an important role in the innate immune response. It fights directly against the virus by preventing its replication. At the same time, cytokines activates NK cells and macrophages, which produce more cytokines. Also, virus infected cells secrete proteins called interferons , which protect non-infected cells from further infection.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Virus.'

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

If a person is infected with deadly pathogen/toxin against which quick immune response is required, ready-made antibodies are directly given to protect that person based on the principle of passive immunity. Select the option that does not represent a case of passive immunity.

  1. Administration of anti-venin against snakebite

  2. Administration of anti-tetanus serum

  3. Administration of tetanus toxoid to newly born

  4. Passage of LgG across placenta from mother to foetus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the case of tetanus toxoid, when it administered in a newborn, the vaccine contains detoxified tetanus toxins (which does not lose their immunogenic properties). The administration of the tetanus toxoid stimulates the body to produce protective antibodies against the toxins.
In the case of administration of anti-venin against snake bite or anti-tetanus serum the, the doses contain antibodies which go and attack their target antigens in the body. The passage of IgG across placenta also helps the fetus to fight infections directly.
So, the correct answer is ' Administration of tetanus toxoid to newly born'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Active immunity differs from passive immunity in 

  1. Used for prophylaxis to increases body resistance

  2. Immune response -short lived and less effective

  3. No immunological memory

  4. Used for treatment of acute infection
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Active immunity is the type of immunity in which antibodies are produced against a specific antigen. This type of immunity takes time in order to produce enough antibodies to fight the pathogen. This immune response is long lived and is more effective. It results in the immunological memory which remains for life time. It is used for prophylaxis to increases body resistance. Passive immunity is a type of immunity in which antibodies are obtained from outside the body. An example includes antibodies obtained from mother through the  breast milk. This immune response is short lived and less effective. It does not have any immunological memory. It is used for treatment of acute infection.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Used for prophylaxis to increases body resistance.' 

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Anti-rabies serum contains antibodies that are developed in an immunized animal. The type immunity in such an animal is 

  1. artificial active immunity

  2. artificial passive immunity

  3. natural passive immunity

  4. natural active immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Artificially acquired active immunity can be induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains antigen. A vaccine stimulates a primary response against the antigen without causing symptoms of the disease. 

So, the correct answer is "Artificial active immunity'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Why are interferons administered to cancer patients?

  1. It interferes with cancer cells and stops them growing and multiplying.

  2. It helps the cancer cell to undergo mutational changes

  3. It agglutinates antigen and antibody in the blood of patient.

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Interferons(IFNs) are the group of signalling proteins released by the host cells in response to the entry of several pathogens, such as bacteria, virus, parasites and cancer cells. Interferons are administered to cancer patients because it interferes with cancer cells and stops them growing and multiplying. It also stimulates the immune system to encourages T killer cells and other cells to attack cancer cells.
So, the correct answer is 'It interferes with cancer cells and stops them growing and multiplying'.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Toxoid is included in which of the following?

  1. Natural active aquired immunity

  2. Natural passive aquired immunity

  3. Artificial active aquired immunity

  4. Artificial passive aquired immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Toxoid is a type of vaccines obtained from the toxin and are inactivated and made harmless by chemical or heat treatment. Eg- tetanus toxoid is obtained by Clostridium tetani. These vaccines provide artificial active acquired immunity. So, the correct answer is 'Artificial active acquired immunity'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Short-lived immunity acquired from mother to foetus across placenta or through mother's milk to the infant is categorized as

  1. Active immunity

  2. Passive immunity

  3. Cellular immunity

  4. Innate non-specific immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Short-lived immunity acquired from mothers to foetus across placenta or through mother's milk to the infant is categorized as passive immunity. In passive immunity there is transfer of preformed antibodies in host to a recipient. In this case, the resistance is passively transferred from the mother to the foetus through placenta or through mother's milk. So, the correct answer is 'Passive immunity'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Passive immunity is defined as immunity

  1. Inherited from the parents

  2. Achieved through vaccination

  3. Acquired through first exposure to the disease

  4. Achieved through the serum of other animals enrich with antibodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. Passive immunity can occur naturally when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta and can also be induced artificially when high levels of human (or horse) antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune individuals. Passive immunization is used when there is a high risk of infection and insufficient time for the body to develop its own immune response, or to reduce the symptoms of ongoing or immunosuppressive diseases.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Immunity of vaccination lasts throughtout life of which of the following?

  1. Mumps vaccine

  2. Measles vaccine

  3. Small pox vaccine

  4. Cholera vaccine

  5. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Live, attenuated vaccines contain a living microbe that has been weakened in the lab so it cannot cause disease. Because a live, attenuated vaccine is the closest thing to a natural infection, these vaccines elicit strong cellular and antibody responses and often confer lifelong immunity with only one or two doses. Vaccines against measles, mumps, and chickenpox, for example, are made by this method. 

So, the correct answer is option E.