Tag: zoology

Questions Related to zoology

Select the correct sequences of steps in DNA finger printing involving Southern blot hybridisation using radiolabelled VNTR as proble
I. Hybridisation using labelled VNTR prob
II. Isolation of DNA
III. Transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon
IV. Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography
V. Separation of DNA fragments by electropheresis
VI. Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. I, V, VI, II, III and IV

  2. II, VI, V, III, I and IV

  3. V, I, VI, III, IV and II

  4. II, I, V, VI, IV and III

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Repeated genes are useful

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Against mutations

  2. Formation of pseudogenes

  3. Formation of multiple copies of a product

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Repeated DNA sequences can act as more or less discrete elements in the genome. They can vary in the number of copies of repeat units from one chromosome to the next (polymorphism). The repeat copy number can expand through a unique form of mutation process referred to as ‘dynamic mutation.’ They are useful in the formation of pseudogenes and also in making multiple copies of a product.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'

The technique of DNA finger printing relies on

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. Repetitive DNA

  2. Minisatellite DNA

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Assertion : Thermographic imaging is a unique technique.

Reason : Thermographic imaging has some relation with DNA finger printing. 

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

  2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

  3. If assertion is true but reason is false.

  4. If the assertion and reason both are false.

  5. If assertion is false but reason is true.

Show answer
Correct Option: B

For DNA fingerprinting to associate a blood sample with the criminal, what is minimally required

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. One sample of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis

  2. One sample of DNA, restriction enzymes, a DNA synthesizer, and gel electrophoresis

  3. Two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis

  4. Two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and a DNA synthesizer

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Two samples of DNA are required, one from the site of crime while another from the suspected criminal. These both samples of DNA are matched by DNA fingerprinting which involves identifying patterns of DNA known as a variable number of tandem repeats. PCR amplification is used to amplify DNA segments and restriction enzymes for cutting of DNA segments. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate these cut DNA segments based on their size. 

So, the correct option is 'Two samples of DNA, PCR amplification, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis'.

Arrange the various steps of DNA fingerprinting technique in the correct order
(i) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis
(ii) Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases
(iii) Hybridization using labeled VNTR probe
(iv) Isolation of DNA
(v) Detection of hybridized DNA fragments by autoradiography
(vi) Transferring the separated DNA fragments to nitrocellulose membrane

zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

  1. (ii) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (vi) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (v)

  2. (iv) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (ii) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (vi) $\rightarrow$ (v)

  3. (iv) $\rightarrow$ (ii) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (vi) $\rightarrow$ (iii) $\rightarrow$ (v)

  4. (iii) $\rightarrow$ (v) $\rightarrow$ (iv) $\rightarrow$ (ii) $\rightarrow$ (i) $\rightarrow$ (vi)

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The technique of DNA Fingerprinting was initially developed by Alec Jeffreys. It included : -
  1.  isolation of DNA,
  2.  digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases,
  3.  separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis,
  4. transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon, 
  5. hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe, and
  6. detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography.
So, the correct option is '(iii) → (v) → (iv) → (ii) → (i) → (vi)'.

Vaccines prepared through recombinant DNA technology are called

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  1. First generation vaccines

  2. Second generation vaccines

  3. Third generation vaccines

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The first generation vaccines consist of live attenuated/ heat killed vaccines in which whole organisms in the weakened live form or heat killed form are injected. Sevcond generation vaccines are those vaccines in which the whole organism is not given. Instead of this a portion called the subunit, which may contain a protein section of the pathogen is given. Third generation vaccines are those in which recombinant techniques are used for the production of vaccines. In this technique DNA encoding the antigen is inserted into a vector which will be recognised as a pathogen in the host. Such that the host immune system generates an immune response against the vector and thereby the antigen. So, the correct answer is 'Third generation vaccines'.

T.T. and TAB second booster dose is given at the age of?

zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. $2-3$ years

  2. $4-6$ years

  3. $10$th year

  4. $16$th year

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Hepatitis - B vaccine is 

zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. First generation vaccine

  2. Second generation vaccine

  3. Third generation vaccine

  4. Fourth generation vaccine

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

They are three types of vaccines on basis of organism or its part used as antigen.

First generation :They are live/ attenuated pathogen(inactivated)or heat killed pathogen is used.As in BCG vaccine.
Second generation :They are prepared by genetic engineering which contain subsection as protein form or toxoids in case of bacteria.As in hepatitis B vaccine.
Third generation :They are artificially synthesized .It can be recombinant vector vaccines where antigen is a sub-unit of the pathogen and is integrated into another virus against which we have been known to mount  a decent response and then such virus multiplies in a bacteria.As in Ebola vaccine.Hence hepatitis-B vaccine is a second generation vaccine.
So, the correct answer is "second generation vaccine". 

The letter B in the name BCG vaccination stands for

zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

  1. Brief

  2. Ben-ben

  3. Bacteria

  4. Bacillus

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
BCG  vaccine stands for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine. The letter B in the name BCG vaccination stands for bacillus. BCG vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis(TB). BCG vaccine can be administered after birth intradermally.
So, the correct answer is 'Bacillus'.