Tag: zoology

Rickets is a condition especially due to deficiency of vitamin D which results in weak and soft bones in children. In Elderly patients, Rickets that occur due to chronic renal insufficiency is called Renal rickets. Renal rickets is bending of weight-bearing long bones in Elderly Persons. Bones become weak which results in bending of bone because excess calcium is lost through urine due to renal insufficiency.

If one kidney is removed, the other kidney will take over the work of the removed kidney and thus nothing will happen to the person and he will survive. 

Ketonuria is a term, which describes the presence of ketone bodies in the urine. Ketones are produced in the body as part of the breakdown of fatty acids. When they are present in the urine, it indicates that the body is burning fat for energy. Ketonuria occurs when diabetes mellitus becomes out of control and blood sugar levels rise too high. When this happens, the body, not having sufficient insulin to get energy into the bodys cells, breaks down body tissue (fat and muscle) into ketones, which can be used as fuel without the need for insulin.

An X-ray of lower abdomen shows shades in the region of the ureter suspected to be a ureteric calculus.  As the formation of calculus (renal stones) blocks ureter it leads to anuria (no passage of urine) and as the stones grow larger they cause irritation of wall of ureter which leads to blood in urine i.e haematuria. Hence a possible clinical symptom would be Anuria and haematuria.

Renal glycosuria, is a rare condition in which the simple sugar glucose is eliminated (excreted) in the urine despite normal or low blood glucose levels. With normal kidney (renal) function, glucose is excreted in the urine only when there are abnormally elevated levels of glucose in the blood. However, in those with renal glycosuria, glucose is abnormally eliminated in the urine due to improper functioning of the renal tubules, which are primary components of the filtering units of the kidneys (nephrons). 

ADH(antiduretic hormone) causes polyuria(excessive urine volume)and polydipsia (increase thirst).The deficiency of ADH causes excessive secretion of urine due to lack of reabsorption at distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct and result in excess thirst.ADH deficiency caused diabetes insipidus.

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their size/molecular weight through an agarose or polyacrylamide gel matrix when an electric current is applied, allowing analysis of fragment lengths.

In the B-DNA double helix model, one full turn of the helix spans 3.4 nanometers and contains 10 base pairs.

The Griffith effect refers to the discovery of bacterial transformation, where non-virulent bacteria were converted into virulent ones by a 'transforming principle' from dead virulent bacteria.