Tag: biology

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Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

The enzymatic machinery to partially oxidise glucose into pyruvic acid without the help of oxygen.

  1. Present in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organisms

  2. Occurs in mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotes

  3. Produces four ATP as net gain

  4. More than one option is correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The enzymatic machinery to partially oxidise glucose into pyruvic acid without the help of oxygen.
 Ans is A
Present in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organisms both. 
In eukaryotic  cell like muscle and RBC and many of the prokaryotic cell use this process. 
Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

The major reason that glycolysis is not as energy productive as respiration is that?

  1. $NAD^+$ is regenerated by alcohol or lactate production, without the high-energy electrons passing through the electron transport chain

  2. It is the pathway common to fermentation and respiration

  3. It does not take place in a specialized membrane-bound organelle
  4. Pyruvate is more reduced than $CO _2$; it still contains much of the energy from glucose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Glycolysis, part of cellular respiration, is a series of reactions that constitute the first phase of most carbohydrate catabolism. Catabolism means the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones. The word glycolysis is derived from two Greek words and means the breakdown of something sweet. Glycolysis breaks down glucose and forms pyruvate with the production of two molecules of ATP. The pyruvate end product of glycolysis can be used in either anaerobic respiration if no oxygen is available or in aerobic respiration via the TCA cycle which yields much more usable energy for the cell.  When oxygen is present, NADH can pass its electrons into the electron transport chain, regenerating NAD$^+$ for use in glycolysis. When oxygen is absent, cells may use other, simpler pathways to regenerate NAD$^+$ these pathways, NADH donates its electrons to an acceptor molecule in a reaction that doesn’t make ATP but does regenerate NAD$^+$ so glycolysis can continue. This process is called fermentation.

So the correct option is 'It is the pathway common to fermentation and respiration'.

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

Energy releasing process in which substrate is oxidised without an external electron acceptor is

  1. Aerobic respiration.

  2. Fermentation.

  3. Photorespiration.

  4. Glycolysis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

During glycolysis process the substrate pyruvic acid is formed from glucose is then oxidized into lactic acid in muscles by pyruvic acid, decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase.

So the correct option is 'Glycolysis.'

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

Which of the following is incorrect for glycolysis?

  1. It produces ATP

  2. It uses ATP
  3. End products are CO$ _2$ and H$ _2$O

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During the process of glycolysis, ATP is utilized and produced but the carbon dioxide and water are not the end products.

So the correct option is 'End products are CO$ _2$ and H$ _2$O.'

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

NADH is produced in

  1. Photosystem II

  2. Photosystem I

  3. Glycolysis

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

NADH is essentially produced only during the cellular respiration and it gets oxidised to release energy in the form of ATP. Glycolysis is a part of cellular respiration and leads to production of NADH. However, photosystem I and II produce NADPH rather than NADH as energy carriers. So the answer is 'Glycolysis'.

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

Which group of scientists discovered glycolysis?

  1. Embden, Merrison and Pitches

  2. Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas

  3. Emerson, Hoffman and Peterson

  4. Avery, Macleod and Mc Carthy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Glycolysis takes place in the liquid part of the cytoplasm i.e. cytosol. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. 

So the correct option is 'Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas.'

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

What occurs in glycolysis?

  1. Fixation.

  2. Reduction.

  3. Dehydrogenation.

  4. Oxidation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of cytoplasm without the involvement of oxygen. The by-product of glycolysis is pyruvate which entered into mitochondria and oxidized oxygen to carbon dioxide.

So the correct option is 'Oxidation.'

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

In glycolysis, enzyme enolase produces

  1. Phosphoglyceric acid

  2. Phosphoenol pyruvate

  3. Phosphoglyceraldehyde

  4. Pyruvate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In glycolysis, the respiratory substrate glucose is oxidised to pyruvic acid to release energy. The enzyme enolase converts phosphoglycerate to phosphoenol pyruvate with the release of H$ _2$O. So, the correct answer is 'Phosphoenol pyruvate'.

Multiple choice parts of respiration cellular respiration the respiratory system breathing for energy biology types of respiration

Glycolysis is part of

  1. Only anaerobic respiration

  2. Krebs cycle

  3. Only aerobic respiration

  4. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There is no utilization oxygen is seen in the process of glycolysis which takes place in the cytoplasm and it is an anaerobic process. After finishing the glycolysis the cell needs to respirate through aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic reactions occur in the mitochondria which require oxygen.

So the correct option is 'Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration'.

Multiple choice some infectious diseases infectious diseases health and diseases biology

The bacterial disease cholera is accompanied by 

  1. Peptic ulcers

  2. Rapid loss of fluid from the intestine

  3. Infection of heart muscles

  4. Rose spots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It can cause severe diarrhea, which comes on suddenly and may quickly cause dangerous fluid loss - as much as a quart (about 1 liter) an hour.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.